{"id":6099,"date":"2026-03-12T11:44:26","date_gmt":"2026-03-12T14:44:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fisica2.fica.unsl.edu.ar\/?page_id=6099"},"modified":"2026-04-18T22:31:08","modified_gmt":"2026-04-19T01:31:08","slug":"ley_de_ohm_experiencia_res_lamp","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fisica2.fica.unsl.edu.ar\/index.php\/ley_de_ohm_experiencia_res_lamp\/","title":{"rendered":"ley_de_ohm_experiencia_Res_Lamp"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n \r\n Simulaci\u00f3n Ley de Ohm - Laboratorio Virtual<\/title>\r\n <link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;600;700&family=Space+Grotesk:wght@400;500;600;700&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\r\n <style>\r\n :root {\r\n --bg-primary: #0a0e14;\r\n --bg-secondary: #111820;\r\n --bg-card: #151c25;\r\n --accent-cyan: #00d4aa;\r\n --accent-orange: #ff6b35;\r\n --accent-yellow: #ffd93d;\r\n --accent-blue: #4dabf7;\r\n --text-primary: #e8eaed;\r\n --text-secondary: #8b95a5;\r\n --border-color: #2a3544;\r\n --glow-cyan: rgba(0, 212, 170, 0.3);\r\n --glow-orange: rgba(255, 107, 53, 0.4);\r\n }\r\n\r\n * {\r\n margin: 0;\r\n padding: 0;\r\n box-sizing: border-box;\r\n }\r\n\r\n body {\r\n font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;\r\n background: var(--bg-primary);\r\n color: var(--text-primary);\r\n min-height: 100vh;\r\n overflow-x: hidden;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .bg-pattern {\r\n position: fixed;\r\n inset: 0;\r\n background: \r\n radial-gradient(ellipse 80% 50% at 20% 20%, rgba(0, 212, 170, 0.08) 0%, transparent 50%),\r\n radial-gradient(ellipse 60% 40% at 80% 80%, rgba(255, 107, 53, 0.06) 0%, transparent 50%),\r\n linear-gradient(180deg, var(--bg-primary) 0%, var(--bg-secondary) 100%);\r\n pointer-events: none;\r\n z-index: -1;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .grid-overlay {\r\n position: fixed;\r\n inset: 0;\r\n background-image: \r\n linear-gradient(rgba(42, 53, 68, 0.3) 1px, transparent 1px),\r\n linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(42, 53, 68, 0.3) 1px, transparent 1px);\r\n background-size: 40px 40px;\r\n pointer-events: none;\r\n z-index: -1;\r\n opacity: 0.4;\r\n }\r\n\r\n header {\r\n padding: 2rem;\r\n text-align: center;\r\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);\r\n background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(21, 28, 37, 0.8) 0%, transparent 100%);\r\n }\r\n\r\n header h1 {\r\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\r\n font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 4vw, 2.5rem);\r\n font-weight: 700;\r\n background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent-cyan) 0%, var(--accent-blue) 100%);\r\n -webkit-background-clip: text;\r\n -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;\r\n background-clip: text;\r\n margin-bottom: 0.5rem;\r\n letter-spacing: -0.02em;\r\n }\r\n\r\n header p {\r\n color: var(--text-secondary);\r\n font-size: 0.95rem;\r\n max-width: 600px;\r\n margin: 0 auto;\r\n }\r\n\r\n main {\r\n max-width: 1400px;\r\n margin: 0 auto;\r\n padding: 2rem;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .section {\r\n margin-bottom: 3rem;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .section-header {\r\n display: flex;\r\n align-items: center;\r\n gap: 1rem;\r\n margin-bottom: 1.5rem;\r\n padding-bottom: 1rem;\r\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);\r\n }\r\n\r\n .section-badge {\r\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\r\n font-size: 0.75rem;\r\n font-weight: 600;\r\n padding: 0.35rem 0.75rem;\r\n border-radius: 4px;\r\n text-transform: uppercase;\r\n letter-spacing: 0.05em;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .section-badge.ohmic {\r\n background: rgba(0, 212, 170, 0.15);\r\n color: var(--accent-cyan);\r\n border: 1px solid rgba(0, 212, 170, 0.3);\r\n }\r\n\r\n .section-badge.non-ohmic {\r\n background: rgba(255, 107, 53, 0.15);\r\n color: var(--accent-orange);\r\n border: 1px solid rgba(255, 107, 53, 0.3);\r\n }\r\n\r\n .section-title {\r\n font-size: 1.5rem;\r\n font-weight: 600;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .simulation-grid {\r\n display: grid;\r\n grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n gap: 1.5rem;\r\n }\r\n\r\n @media (min-width: 1024px) {\r\n .simulation-grid {\r\n grid-template-columns: 1fr 380px;\r\n }\r\n }\r\n\r\n .circuit-panel {\r\n background: var(--bg-card);\r\n border-radius: 12px;\r\n border: 1px solid var(--border-color);\r\n padding: 1.5rem;\r\n position: relative;\r\n overflow: hidden;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .circuit-panel::before {\r\n content: '';\r\n position: absolute;\r\n top: 0;\r\n left: 0;\r\n right: 0;\r\n height: 3px;\r\n background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent-cyan), var(--accent-blue));\r\n }\r\n\r\n .circuit-panel.lamp::before {\r\n background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent-orange), var(--accent-yellow));\r\n }\r\n\r\n .circuit-canvas {\r\n width: 100%;\r\n height: 320px;\r\n background: linear-gradient(145deg, rgba(10, 14, 20, 0.9), rgba(17, 24, 32, 0.9));\r\n border-radius: 8px;\r\n border: 1px solid var(--border-color);\r\n }\r\n\r\n .controls-panel {\r\n background: var(--bg-card);\r\n border-radius: 12px;\r\n border: 1px solid var(--border-color);\r\n padding: 1.5rem;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .control-group {\r\n margin-bottom: 1.5rem;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .control-group:last-child {\r\n margin-bottom: 0;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .control-label {\r\n display: flex;\r\n justify-content: space-between;\r\n align-items: center;\r\n margin-bottom: 0.75rem;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .control-label span:first-child {\r\n font-size: 0.85rem;\r\n color: var(--text-secondary);\r\n text-transform: uppercase;\r\n letter-spacing: 0.05em;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .control-value {\r\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\r\n font-size: 1.1rem;\r\n font-weight: 600;\r\n color: var(--accent-cyan);\r\n }\r\n\r\n .lamp .control-value {\r\n color: var(--accent-orange);\r\n }\r\n\r\n input[type=\"range\"] {\r\n -webkit-appearance: none;\r\n width: 100%;\r\n height: 8px;\r\n background: var(--bg-secondary);\r\n border-radius: 4px;\r\n outline: none;\r\n cursor: pointer;\r\n }\r\n\r\n input[type=\"range\"]::-webkit-slider-thumb {\r\n -webkit-appearance: none;\r\n width: 20px;\r\n height: 20px;\r\n background: var(--accent-cyan);\r\n border-radius: 50%;\r\n cursor: pointer;\r\n box-shadow: 0 0 10px var(--glow-cyan);\r\n transition: transform 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s;\r\n }\r\n\r\n input[type=\"range\"]::-webkit-slider-thumb:hover {\r\n transform: scale(1.15);\r\n box-shadow: 0 0 15px var(--glow-cyan);\r\n }\r\n\r\n .lamp input[type=\"range\"]::-webkit-slider-thumb {\r\n background: var(--accent-orange);\r\n box-shadow: 0 0 10px var(--glow-orange);\r\n }\r\n\r\n .lamp input[type=\"range\"]::-webkit-slider-thumb:hover {\r\n box-shadow: 0 0 15px var(--glow-orange);\r\n }\r\n\r\n input[type=\"range\"]::-moz-range-thumb {\r\n width: 20px;\r\n height: 20px;\r\n background: var(--accent-cyan);\r\n border-radius: 50%;\r\n cursor: pointer;\r\n border: none;\r\n box-shadow: 0 0 10px var(--glow-cyan);\r\n }\r\n\r\n .meters-grid {\r\n display: grid;\r\n grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\r\n gap: 1rem;\r\n margin-top: 1rem;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .meter {\r\n background: var(--bg-secondary);\r\n border-radius: 8px;\r\n padding: 1rem;\r\n text-align: center;\r\n border: 1px solid var(--border-color);\r\n }\r\n\r\n .meter-label {\r\n font-size: 0.7rem;\r\n color: var(--text-secondary);\r\n text-transform: uppercase;\r\n letter-spacing: 0.1em;\r\n margin-bottom: 0.5rem;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .meter-value {\r\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\r\n font-size: 1.5rem;\r\n font-weight: 700;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .meter-unit {\r\n font-size: 0.85rem;\r\n color: var(--text-secondary);\r\n margin-left: 0.25rem;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .meter.voltmeter .meter-value {\r\n color: var(--accent-yellow);\r\n }\r\n\r\n .meter.ammeter .meter-value {\r\n color: var(--accent-cyan);\r\n }\r\n\r\n .lamp .meter.ammeter .meter-value {\r\n color: var(--accent-orange);\r\n }\r\n\r\n .graph-section {\r\n background: var(--bg-card);\r\n border-radius: 12px;\r\n border: 1px solid var(--border-color);\r\n padding: 1.5rem;\r\n margin-top: 1.5rem;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .graph-header {\r\n display: flex;\r\n justify-content: space-between;\r\n align-items: center;\r\n margin-bottom: 1rem;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .graph-title {\r\n font-size: 1rem;\r\n font-weight: 600;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .graph-canvas {\r\n width: 100%;\r\n height: 200px;\r\n background: var(--bg-secondary);\r\n border-radius: 8px;\r\n border: 1px solid var(--border-color);\r\n }\r\n\r\n .btn {\r\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\r\n font-size: 0.8rem;\r\n font-weight: 600;\r\n padding: 0.6rem 1rem;\r\n border-radius: 6px;\r\n border: none;\r\n cursor: pointer;\r\n transition: all 0.2s;\r\n text-transform: uppercase;\r\n letter-spacing: 0.05em;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .btn-clear {\r\n background: transparent;\r\n color: var(--text-secondary);\r\n border: 1px solid var(--border-color);\r\n }\r\n\r\n .btn-clear:hover {\r\n background: var(--bg-secondary);\r\n color: var(--text-primary);\r\n border-color: var(--accent-cyan);\r\n }\r\n\r\n .btn-reset {\r\n background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent-cyan), var(--accent-blue));\r\n color: var(--bg-primary);\r\n width: 100%;\r\n margin-top: 1rem;\r\n padding: 0.8rem 1rem;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .btn-reset:hover {\r\n transform: translateY(-2px);\r\n box-shadow: 0 4px 20px var(--glow-cyan);\r\n }\r\n\r\n .btn-reset.lamp-reset {\r\n background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent-orange), var(--accent-yellow));\r\n }\r\n\r\n .btn-reset.lamp-reset:hover {\r\n box-shadow: 0 4px 20px var(--glow-orange);\r\n }\r\n\r\n .info-box {\r\n background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(0, 212, 170, 0.1), rgba(77, 171, 247, 0.05));\r\n border-left: 3px solid var(--accent-cyan);\r\n padding: 1rem 1.25rem;\r\n border-radius: 0 8px 8px 0;\r\n margin-top: 1.5rem;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .info-box.lamp-info {\r\n background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255, 107, 53, 0.1), rgba(255, 217, 61, 0.05));\r\n border-left-color: var(--accent-orange);\r\n }\r\n\r\n .info-box h4 {\r\n font-size: 0.9rem;\r\n font-weight: 600;\r\n margin-bottom: 0.5rem;\r\n color: var(--accent-cyan);\r\n }\r\n\r\n .info-box.lamp-info h4 {\r\n color: var(--accent-orange);\r\n }\r\n\r\n .info-box p {\r\n font-size: 0.85rem;\r\n color: var(--text-secondary);\r\n line-height: 1.6;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .info-box code {\r\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\r\n background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);\r\n padding: 0.15rem 0.4rem;\r\n border-radius: 4px;\r\n font-size: 0.8rem;\r\n color: var(--accent-yellow);\r\n }\r\n\r\n .resistance-display {\r\n background: var(--bg-secondary);\r\n border-radius: 8px;\r\n padding: 1rem;\r\n text-align: center;\r\n border: 1px solid var(--border-color);\r\n margin-top: 1rem;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .resistance-display .label {\r\n font-size: 0.7rem;\r\n color: var(--text-secondary);\r\n text-transform: uppercase;\r\n letter-spacing: 0.1em;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .resistance-display .value {\r\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\r\n font-size: 1.25rem;\r\n font-weight: 700;\r\n color: var(--accent-yellow);\r\n margin-top: 0.25rem;\r\n }\r\n\r\n @media (max-width: 768px) {\r\n main {\r\n padding: 1rem;\r\n }\r\n \r\n .circuit-canvas {\r\n height: 260px;\r\n }\r\n \r\n .meters-grid {\r\n grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n }\r\n }\r\n\r\n @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {\r\n * {\r\n animation: none !important;\r\n transition: none !important;\r\n }\r\n }\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n .header-logo {\r\n height: 18px !important; \/* Prueba con un valor bien peque\u00f1o para ver el cambio *\/\r\n width: auto !important; \/* Mantiene la proporci\u00f3n *\/\r\n max-height: 18px !important;\r\n display: block;\r\n}\r\n \r\n \r\n .header-logo-container {\r\n display: inline-flex; \/* Cambiado a inline-flex para que solo ocupe su contenido *\/\r\n flex-direction: row; \/* Fuerza la direcci\u00f3n horizontal *\/\r\n align-items: center; \/* Centra verticalmente logo y texto *\/\r\n background-color: #1a1a1b;\r\n padding: 5px 12px;\r\n border-radius: 4px;\r\n color: white;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.header-logo {\r\n \/* AJUSTA EL TAMA\u00d1O AQU\u00cd *\/\r\n height: 22px !important; \r\n width: auto !important;\r\n display: block;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.header-divider {\r\n width: 1px;\r\n height: 25px;\r\n background-color: #555;\r\n margin: 0 10px; \/* Espacio a los lados de la l\u00ednea *\/\r\n}\r\n\r\n.header-logo-text {\r\n display: flex;\r\n flex-direction: column; \/* El texto interno s\u00ed va uno sobre otro *\/\r\n justify-content: center;\r\n white-space: nowrap; \/* Evita que el texto salte de l\u00ednea *\/\r\n}\r\n\r\n.title-top {\r\n font-size: 13px;\r\n font-weight: bold;\r\n line-height: 1;\r\n display: block;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.subtitle-bottom {\r\n font-size: 9px;\r\n color: #aaa;\r\n line-height: 1.2;\r\n display: block;\r\n}\r\n \r\n <\/style>\r\n<\/head>\r\n<body>\r\n <div class=\"bg-pattern\"><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"grid-overlay\"><\/div>\r\n \r\n <header>\r\n <h1>Ley de Ohm - Laboratorio Virtual<\/h1>\r\n <p>Explora la relacion entre voltaje, corriente y resistencia en conductores ohmicos y no ohmicos<\/p>\r\n <\/header>\r\n\r\n <main>\r\n <!-- PARTE 1: Conductor Ohmico -->\r\n <section class=\"section\" id=\"ohmic-section\">\r\n <div class=\"section-header\">\r\n <div class=\"header-left\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge ohmic\">Parte 1<\/span>\r\n <h2 class=\"section-title\">Conductor Ohmico (Resistencia)<\/h2>\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"header-logo-container\">\r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/fisica2.fica.unsl.edu.ar\/index.php\/FISAR_SIM\/\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"FISAR_SIM_1\" alt=\"Fluxar Logo\" class=\"header-logo\"><\/a>\r\n <div class=\"header-divider\"><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"header-logo-text\">\r\n <span class=\"title-top\">FICA UNSL<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"subtitle-bottom\">Simulaciones Interactivas<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"simulation-grid\">\r\n <div class=\"circuit-panel\">\r\n <canvas id=\"circuit-ohmic\" class=\"circuit-canvas\"><\/canvas>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"info-box\">\r\n <h4>Comportamiento Ohmico<\/h4>\r\n <p>La resistencia es constante. La relacion entre voltaje y corriente es lineal: <code>V = R x I<\/code>. El grafico V-I muestra una linea recta que pasa por el origen.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"controls-panel\">\r\n <div class=\"control-group\">\r\n <div class=\"control-label\">\r\n <span>Tension de la fuente<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"control-value\" id=\"voltage-value-ohmic\">0.0 V<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <input type=\"range\" id=\"voltage-slider-ohmic\" min=\"0\" max=\"20\" step=\"0.5\" value=\"0\">\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"control-group\">\r\n <div class=\"control-label\">\r\n <span>Resistencia<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"control-value\" id=\"resistance-value-ohmic\">10.0 Ohm<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <input type=\"range\" id=\"resistance-slider-ohmic\" min=\"1\" max=\"100\" step=\"1\" value=\"10\">\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"meters-grid\">\r\n <div class=\"meter voltmeter\">\r\n <div class=\"meter-label\">Voltimetro<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"meter-value\"><span id=\"voltmeter-ohmic\">0.00<\/span><span class=\"meter-unit\">V<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"meter ammeter\">\r\n <div class=\"meter-label\">Amperimetro<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"meter-value\"><span id=\"ammeter-ohmic\">0.00<\/span><span class=\"meter-unit\">A<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"graph-section\">\r\n <div class=\"graph-header\">\r\n <span class=\"graph-title\">Grafico V vs I<\/span>\r\n <button class=\"btn btn-clear\" id=\"clear-graph-ohmic\">Limpiar<\/button>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <canvas id=\"graph-ohmic\" class=\"graph-canvas\"><\/canvas>\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <button class=\"btn btn-reset\" id=\"reset-ohmic\">Resetear Ensayo<\/button>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n <!-- PARTE 2: Lampara Incandescente -->\r\n <section class=\"section\" id=\"lamp-section\">\r\n <div class=\"section-header\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge non-ohmic\">Parte 2<\/span>\r\n <h2 class=\"section-title\">Lampara Incandescente (No Ohmica)<\/h2>\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"simulation-grid\">\r\n <div class=\"circuit-panel lamp\">\r\n <canvas id=\"circuit-lamp\" class=\"circuit-canvas\"><\/canvas>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"info-box lamp-info\">\r\n <h4>Comportamiento No Ohmico<\/h4>\r\n <p>La resistencia aumenta con la temperatura del filamento. A mayor corriente, mas calor y mayor resistencia efectiva. El grafico V-I muestra una curva caracteristica no lineal.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"controls-panel lamp\">\r\n <div class=\"control-group\">\r\n <div class=\"control-label\">\r\n <span>Tension de la fuente<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"control-value\" id=\"voltage-value-lamp\">0.0 V<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <input type=\"range\" id=\"voltage-slider-lamp\" min=\"0\" max=\"20\" step=\"0.5\" value=\"0\">\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"meters-grid\">\r\n <div class=\"meter voltmeter\">\r\n <div class=\"meter-label\">Voltimetro<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"meter-value\"><span id=\"voltmeter-lamp\">0.00<\/span><span class=\"meter-unit\">V<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"meter ammeter\">\r\n <div class=\"meter-label\">Amperimetro<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"meter-value\"><span id=\"ammeter-lamp\">0.00<\/span><span class=\"meter-unit\">A<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"resistance-display\">\r\n <div class=\"label\">Resistencia efectiva del filamento<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"value\"><span id=\"effective-resistance\">10.0<\/span> Ohm<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"graph-section\">\r\n <div class=\"graph-header\">\r\n <span class=\"graph-title\">Grafico V vs I (No Lineal)<\/span>\r\n <button class=\"btn btn-clear\" id=\"clear-graph-lamp\">Limpiar<\/button>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <canvas id=\"graph-lamp\" class=\"graph-canvas\"><\/canvas>\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <button class=\"btn btn-reset lamp-reset\" id=\"reset-lamp\">Resetear Ensayo<\/button>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/section>\r\n <\/main>\r\n\r\n <script>\r\n \/\/ =============================================\r\n \/\/ CONFIGURACION Y VARIABLES GLOBALES\r\n \/\/ =============================================\r\n \r\n \/\/ Constantes fisicas\r\n const LAMP_R0 = 10; \/\/ Resistencia en frio fija\r\n const LAMP_HEATING_CONSTANT = 2.0; \/\/ k: constante de calentamiento\r\n \r\n \/\/ Colores\r\n const COLORS = {\r\n ohmic: '#00d4aa',\r\n nonOhmic: '#ff6b35',\r\n grid: '#2a3544',\r\n axis: '#4dabf7',\r\n wire: '#ffd93d'\r\n };\r\n \r\n \/\/ Datos de graficos\r\n const graphDataOhmic = [];\r\n const graphDataLamp = [];\r\n \r\n \/\/ Variables de estado\r\n let reducedMotion = window.matchMedia('(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)').matches;\r\n \r\n \/\/ Electrones animados\r\n let electronsOhmic = [];\r\n let electronsLamp = [];\r\n let animationFrameId = null;\r\n \r\n \/\/ =============================================\r\n \/\/ INICIALIZACION DE CANVAS\r\n \/\/ =============================================\r\n \r\n function setupCanvas(canvas) {\r\n const rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();\r\n const dpr = window.devicePixelRatio || 1;\r\n canvas.width = rect.width * dpr;\r\n canvas.height = rect.height * dpr;\r\n const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');\r\n ctx.scale(dpr, dpr);\r\n return { ctx, width: rect.width, height: rect.height };\r\n }\r\n \r\n \/\/ =============================================\r\n \/\/ FUNCIONES DE CALCULO FISICO\r\n \/\/ =============================================\r\n \r\n function calculateOhmicCurrent(voltage, resistance) {\r\n if (resistance <= 0) return 0;\r\n return voltage \/ resistance;\r\n }\r\n \r\n function calculateLampCurrent(voltage, R0, k) {\r\n if (voltage === 0) return { current: 0, resistance: R0 };\r\n \r\n let I = voltage \/ R0;\r\n \r\n for (let i = 0; i < 30; i++) {\r\n const f = k * I * I * I + R0 * I - voltage;\r\n const fPrime = 3 * k * I * I + R0;\r\n if (Math.abs(fPrime) < 0.0001) break;\r\n \r\n const deltaI = f \/ fPrime;\r\n I = I - deltaI;\r\n \r\n if (Math.abs(deltaI) < 0.00001) break;\r\n }\r\n \r\n I = Math.max(0, I);\r\n const effectiveR = R0 + k * I * I;\r\n \r\n return { current: I, resistance: effectiveR };\r\n }\r\n \r\n \/\/ =============================================\r\n \/\/ DIBUJO DE COMPONENTES\r\n \/\/ =============================================\r\n \r\n function drawBattery(ctx, x, y, voltage) {\r\n \/\/ ROTADO 90 grados en sentido horario\r\n \/\/ Linea larga horizontal arriba (positivo +)\r\n ctx.strokeStyle = '#ff6b35';\r\n ctx.lineWidth = 4;\r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.moveTo(x - 25, y - 8);\r\n ctx.lineTo(x + 25, y - 8);\r\n ctx.stroke();\r\n \r\n \/\/ Linea corta horizontal abajo (negativo -)\r\n ctx.lineWidth = 4;\r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.moveTo(x - 12, y + 8);\r\n ctx.lineTo(x + 12, y + 8);\r\n ctx.stroke();\r\n \r\n \/\/ Simbolos + y -\r\n ctx.fillStyle = '#ff6b35';\r\n ctx.font = 'bold 16px \"JetBrains Mono\", monospace';\r\n ctx.textAlign = 'center';\r\n ctx.textBaseline = 'middle';\r\n ctx.fillText('+', x + 40, y - 8);\r\n ctx.fillText('-', x + 40, y + 8);\r\n \r\n \/\/ Valor de voltaje\r\n ctx.fillStyle = '#ffd93d';\r\n ctx.font = '13px \"JetBrains Mono\", monospace';\r\n ctx.fillText(voltage.toFixed(1) + ' V', x, y + 35);\r\n }\r\n \r\n function drawResistor(ctx, x, y, current) {\r\n ctx.strokeStyle = '#00d4aa';\r\n ctx.lineWidth = 3;\r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n \r\n const zigzagWidth = 60;\r\n const zigzagHeight = 12;\r\n const segments = 6;\r\n const segmentWidth = zigzagWidth \/ segments;\r\n \r\n ctx.moveTo(x - zigzagWidth\/2, y);\r\n \r\n for (let i = 0; i < segments; i++) {\r\n const startX = x - zigzagWidth\/2 + i * segmentWidth;\r\n const midX = startX + segmentWidth\/2;\r\n const endX = startX + segmentWidth;\r\n const peakY = (i % 2 === 0) ? y - zigzagHeight : y + zigzagHeight;\r\n \r\n ctx.lineTo(midX, peakY);\r\n ctx.lineTo(endX, y);\r\n }\r\n \r\n ctx.stroke();\r\n \r\n if (current > 0.1) {\r\n const glowIntensity = Math.min(current \/ 2, 1);\r\n ctx.shadowColor = 'rgba(0, 212, 170, ' + (glowIntensity * 0.6) + ')';\r\n ctx.shadowBlur = 15 * glowIntensity;\r\n ctx.stroke();\r\n ctx.shadowBlur = 0;\r\n }\r\n \r\n ctx.fillStyle = '#8b95a5';\r\n ctx.font = '11px \"JetBrains Mono\", monospace';\r\n ctx.textAlign = 'center';\r\n ctx.fillText('Resistencia', x, y + 30);\r\n }\r\n \r\n function drawLamp(ctx, x, y, brightness) {\r\n const radius = 22;\r\n \r\n const r = Math.floor(50 + brightness * 205);\r\n const g = Math.floor(50 + brightness * 167);\r\n const b = Math.floor(50 - brightness * 20);\r\n \r\n if (brightness > 0.1) {\r\n const glowRadius = radius + 25 + brightness * 15;\r\n const gradient = ctx.createRadialGradient(x, y, radius * 0.5, x, y, glowRadius);\r\n gradient.addColorStop(0, 'rgba(255, 200, 80, ' + (brightness * 0.7) + ')');\r\n gradient.addColorStop(0.5, 'rgba(255, 120, 40, ' + (brightness * 0.4) + ')');\r\n gradient.addColorStop(1, 'rgba(255, 80, 20, 0)');\r\n \r\n ctx.fillStyle = gradient;\r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.arc(x, y, glowRadius, 0, Math.PI * 2);\r\n ctx.fill();\r\n }\r\n \r\n \/\/ Bombilla\r\n ctx.fillStyle = 'rgb(' + r + ',' + g + ',' + b + ')';\r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.arc(x, y, radius, 0, Math.PI * 2);\r\n ctx.fill();\r\n \r\n ctx.strokeStyle = '#666';\r\n ctx.lineWidth = 2;\r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.arc(x, y, radius, 0, Math.PI * 2);\r\n ctx.stroke();\r\n \r\n \/\/ Filamento\r\n if (brightness > 0.2) {\r\n ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(255, 255, 200, ' + (0.5 + brightness * 0.5) + ')';\r\n ctx.lineWidth = 2;\r\n } else {\r\n ctx.strokeStyle = '#888';\r\n ctx.lineWidth = 1.5;\r\n }\r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.moveTo(x - 10, y + 10);\r\n ctx.quadraticCurveTo(x, y - 12, x + 10, y + 10);\r\n ctx.stroke();\r\n \r\n \/\/ Base\r\n ctx.fillStyle = '#3a4555';\r\n ctx.fillRect(x - 10, y + radius - 2, 20, 12);\r\n ctx.fillStyle = '#2a3544';\r\n ctx.fillRect(x - 6, y + radius + 10, 12, 6);\r\n \r\n ctx.fillStyle = '#8b95a5';\r\n ctx.font = '11px \"JetBrains Mono\", monospace';\r\n ctx.textAlign = 'center';\r\n ctx.fillText('Lampara', x, y + 50);\r\n }\r\n \r\n function drawAmmeter(ctx, x, y, current, color) {\r\n ctx.strokeStyle = color;\r\n ctx.lineWidth = 2;\r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.arc(x, y, 16, 0, Math.PI * 2);\r\n ctx.stroke();\r\n \r\n ctx.fillStyle = color;\r\n ctx.font = 'bold 14px \"JetBrains Mono\", monospace';\r\n ctx.textAlign = 'center';\r\n ctx.textBaseline = 'middle';\r\n ctx.fillText('A', x, y);\r\n \r\n ctx.fillStyle = '#e8eaed';\r\n ctx.font = '11px \"JetBrains Mono\", monospace';\r\n ctx.fillText(current.toFixed(2) + ' A', x, y + 28);\r\n }\r\n \r\n function drawVoltmeter(ctx, x, y, voltage, color) {\r\n ctx.strokeStyle = color;\r\n ctx.lineWidth = 2;\r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.arc(x, y, 16, 0, Math.PI * 2);\r\n ctx.stroke();\r\n \r\n ctx.fillStyle = color;\r\n ctx.font = 'bold 14px \"JetBrains Mono\", monospace';\r\n ctx.textAlign = 'center';\r\n ctx.textBaseline = 'middle';\r\n ctx.fillText('V', x, y);\r\n \r\n ctx.fillStyle = '#e8eaed';\r\n ctx.font = '11px \"JetBrains Mono\", monospace';\r\n ctx.fillText(voltage.toFixed(1) + ' V', x, y + 28);\r\n }\r\n \r\n function drawNode(ctx, x, y) {\r\n ctx.fillStyle = '#4dabf7';\r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.arc(x, y, 4, 0, Math.PI * 2);\r\n ctx.fill();\r\n }\r\n \r\n \/\/ =============================================\r\n \/\/ DIBUJO DEL CIRCUITO OHMICO\r\n \/\/ =============================================\r\n \r\n function drawOhmicCircuit(ctx, width, height, voltage, resistance, current) {\r\n ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, height);\r\n \r\n const centerX = width \/ 2;\r\n const centerY = height \/ 2;\r\n const circuitW = Math.min(width * 0.72, 420);\r\n const circuitH = Math.min(height * 0.58, 175);\r\n \r\n const left = centerX - circuitW \/ 2;\r\n const right = centerX + circuitW \/ 2;\r\n const top = centerY - circuitH \/ 2;\r\n const bottom = centerY + circuitH \/ 2;\r\n \r\n ctx.strokeStyle = COLORS.wire;\r\n ctx.lineWidth = 4;\r\n ctx.lineCap = 'round';\r\n ctx.lineJoin = 'round';\r\n \r\n \/\/ Cables del circuito\r\n \/\/ Superior izquierdo (bateria a resistencia)\r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.moveTo(left + 25, top);\r\n ctx.lineTo(centerX - 35, top);\r\n ctx.stroke();\r\n \r\n \/\/ Superior derecho (resistencia a esquina)\r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.moveTo(centerX + 35, top);\r\n ctx.lineTo(right, top);\r\n ctx.stroke();\r\n \r\n \/\/ Lado derecho\r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.moveTo(right, top);\r\n ctx.lineTo(right, bottom);\r\n ctx.stroke();\r\n \r\n \/\/ Inferior derecho a amperimetro\r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.moveTo(right, bottom);\r\n ctx.lineTo(centerX + 20, bottom);\r\n ctx.stroke();\r\n \r\n \/\/ Inferior amperimetro a izquierda\r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.moveTo(centerX - 20, bottom);\r\n ctx.lineTo(left + 25, bottom);\r\n ctx.stroke();\r\n \r\n \/\/ Lado izquierdo (inferior a bateria)\r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.moveTo(left + 25, bottom);\r\n ctx.lineTo(left + 25, centerY + 35);\r\n ctx.stroke();\r\n \r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.moveTo(left + 25, centerY - 35);\r\n ctx.lineTo(left + 25, top);\r\n ctx.stroke();\r\n \r\n \/\/ Componentes\r\n drawBattery(ctx, left + 25, centerY, voltage);\r\n drawResistor(ctx, centerX, top, current);\r\n drawAmmeter(ctx, centerX, bottom, current, COLORS.ohmic);\r\n drawVoltmeter(ctx, centerX, centerY + 15, voltage, COLORS.ohmic);\r\n \r\n \/\/ Conexiones del voltimetro (lineas punteadas)\r\n ctx.strokeStyle = '#4dabf7';\r\n ctx.lineWidth = 1.5;\r\n ctx.setLineDash([5, 4]);\r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.moveTo(centerX - 25, top);\r\n ctx.lineTo(centerX - 25, centerY + 15);\r\n ctx.stroke();\r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.moveTo(centerX + 25, top);\r\n ctx.lineTo(centerX + 25, centerY + 15);\r\n ctx.stroke();\r\n ctx.setLineDash([]);\r\n \r\n \/\/ Nodos\r\n drawNode(ctx, left + 25, top);\r\n drawNode(ctx, left + 25, bottom);\r\n drawNode(ctx, right, top);\r\n drawNode(ctx, right, bottom);\r\n }\r\n \r\n \/\/ =============================================\r\n \/\/ DIBUJO DEL CIRCUITO LAMPARA\r\n \/\/ =============================================\r\n \r\n function drawLampCircuit(ctx, width, height, voltage, current, brightness) {\r\n ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, height);\r\n \r\n const centerX = width \/ 2;\r\n const centerY = height \/ 2;\r\n const circuitW = Math.min(width * 0.72, 420);\r\n const circuitH = Math.min(height * 0.58, 175);\r\n \r\n const left = centerX - circuitW \/ 2;\r\n const right = centerX + circuitW \/ 2;\r\n const top = centerY - circuitH \/ 2;\r\n const bottom = centerY + circuitH \/ 2;\r\n \r\n ctx.strokeStyle = COLORS.wire;\r\n ctx.lineWidth = 4;\r\n ctx.lineCap = 'round';\r\n ctx.lineJoin = 'round';\r\n \r\n \/\/ Mismos cables que el circuito ohmico\r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.moveTo(left + 25, top);\r\n ctx.lineTo(centerX - 35, top);\r\n ctx.stroke();\r\n \r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.moveTo(centerX + 35, top);\r\n ctx.lineTo(right, top);\r\n ctx.stroke();\r\n \r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.moveTo(right, top);\r\n ctx.lineTo(right, bottom);\r\n ctx.stroke();\r\n \r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.moveTo(right, bottom);\r\n ctx.lineTo(centerX + 20, bottom);\r\n ctx.stroke();\r\n \r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.moveTo(centerX - 20, bottom);\r\n ctx.lineTo(left + 25, bottom);\r\n ctx.stroke();\r\n \r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.moveTo(left + 25, bottom);\r\n ctx.lineTo(left + 25, centerY + 35);\r\n ctx.stroke();\r\n \r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.moveTo(left + 25, centerY - 35);\r\n ctx.lineTo(left + 25, top);\r\n ctx.stroke();\r\n \r\n \/\/ Componentes\r\n drawBattery(ctx, left + 25, centerY, voltage);\r\n drawLamp(ctx, centerX, top, brightness);\r\n drawAmmeter(ctx, centerX, bottom, current, COLORS.nonOhmic);\r\n drawVoltmeter(ctx, centerX, centerY + 15, voltage, COLORS.nonOhmic);\r\n \r\n \/\/ Conexiones voltimetro\r\n ctx.strokeStyle = '#4dabf7';\r\n ctx.lineWidth = 1.5;\r\n ctx.setLineDash([5, 4]);\r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.moveTo(centerX - 25, top);\r\n ctx.lineTo(centerX - 25, centerY + 15);\r\n ctx.stroke();\r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.moveTo(centerX + 25, top);\r\n ctx.lineTo(centerX + 25, centerY + 15);\r\n ctx.stroke();\r\n ctx.setLineDash([]);\r\n \r\n \/\/ Nodos\r\n drawNode(ctx, left + 25, top);\r\n drawNode(ctx, left + 25, bottom);\r\n drawNode(ctx, right, top);\r\n drawNode(ctx, right, bottom);\r\n }\r\n \r\n \/\/ =============================================\r\n \/\/ ANIMACION DE ELECTRONES (SENTIDO ANTIHORARIO)\r\n \/\/ =============================================\r\n \r\n function initElectrons(count) {\r\n const electrons = [];\r\n for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {\r\n electrons.push({\r\n progress: Math.random(),\r\n offset: (Math.random() - 0.5) * 6\r\n });\r\n }\r\n return electrons;\r\n }\r\n \r\n function drawElectronsOhmic(ctx, width, height, electrons, speed, color) {\r\n if (speed < 0.01) return;\r\n \r\n const centerX = width \/ 2;\r\n const centerY = height \/ 2;\r\n const circuitW = Math.min(width * 0.72, 420);\r\n const circuitH = Math.min(height * 0.58, 175);\r\n \r\n const left = centerX - circuitW \/ 2;\r\n const right = centerX + circuitW \/ 2;\r\n const top = centerY - circuitH \/ 2;\r\n const bottom = centerY + circuitH \/ 2;\r\n \r\n \/\/ Puntos de referencia del circuito\r\n const p1 = { x: left + 25, y: top }; \/\/ Esquina sup izq\r\n const p2 = { x: right, y: top }; \/\/ Esquina sup der\r\n const p3 = { x: right, y: bottom }; \/\/ Esquina inf der\r\n const p4 = { x: left + 25, y: bottom }; \/\/ Esquina inf izq\r\n \r\n \/\/ Calcular longitudes de cada segmento\r\n const seg1 = p2.x - p1.x; \/\/ Arriba\r\n const seg2 = p3.y - p2.y; \/\/ Derecha\r\n const seg3 = p3.x - p4.x; \/\/ Abajo\r\n const seg4 = p4.y - p1.y; \/\/ Izquierda\r\n const perimeter = seg1 + seg2 + seg3 + seg4;\r\n \r\n electrons.forEach(electron => {\r\n if (!reducedMotion) {\r\n electron.progress += speed * 0.004;\r\n if (electron.progress > 1) electron.progress -= 1;\r\n }\r\n \r\n let dist = electron.progress * perimeter;\r\n let x = 0;\r\n let y = 0;\r\n \r\n \/\/ Sentido antihorario: p1 -> p4 -> p3 -> p2 -> p1\r\n if (dist < seg4) {\r\n \/\/ Lado izquierdo (bajando)\r\n x = p1.x + electron.offset;\r\n y = p1.y + dist;\r\n } else if (dist < seg4 + seg3) {\r\n \/\/ Lado inferior (izquierda a derecha)\r\n x = p4.x + (dist - seg4);\r\n y = p4.y + electron.offset;\r\n } else if (dist < seg4 + seg3 + seg2) {\r\n \/\/ Lado derecho (subiendo)\r\n x = p3.x + electron.offset;\r\n y = p3.y - (dist - seg4 - seg3);\r\n } else {\r\n \/\/ Lado superior (derecha a izquierda)\r\n x = p2.x - (dist - seg4 - seg3 - seg2);\r\n y = p2.y + electron.offset;\r\n }\r\n \r\n ctx.fillStyle = color;\r\n ctx.shadowColor = color;\r\n ctx.shadowBlur = reducedMotion ? 0 : 10;\r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.arc(x, y, 3, 0, Math.PI * 2);\r\n ctx.fill();\r\n ctx.shadowBlur = 0;\r\n });\r\n }\r\n \r\n function drawElectronsLamp(ctx, width, height, electrons, speed, color) {\r\n if (speed < 0.01) return;\r\n \r\n const centerX = width \/ 2;\r\n const centerY = height \/ 2;\r\n const circuitW = Math.min(width * 0.72, 420);\r\n const circuitH = Math.min(height * 0.58, 175);\r\n \r\n const left = centerX - circuitW \/ 2;\r\n const right = centerX + circuitW \/ 2;\r\n const top = centerY - circuitH \/ 2;\r\n const bottom = centerY + circuitH \/ 2;\r\n \r\n const p1 = { x: left + 25, y: top };\r\n const p2 = { x: right, y: top };\r\n const p3 = { x: right, y: bottom };\r\n const p4 = { x: left + 25, y: bottom };\r\n \r\n const seg1 = p2.x - p1.x;\r\n const seg2 = p3.y - p2.y;\r\n const seg3 = p3.x - p4.x;\r\n const seg4 = p4.y - p1.y;\r\n const perimeter = seg1 + seg2 + seg3 + seg4;\r\n \r\n electrons.forEach(electron => {\r\n if (!reducedMotion) {\r\n electron.progress += speed * 0.004;\r\n if (electron.progress > 1) electron.progress -= 1;\r\n }\r\n \r\n let dist = electron.progress * perimeter;\r\n let x = 0;\r\n let y = 0;\r\n \r\n if (dist < seg4) {\r\n x = p1.x + electron.offset;\r\n y = p1.y + dist;\r\n } else if (dist < seg4 + seg3) {\r\n x = p4.x + (dist - seg4);\r\n y = p4.y + electron.offset;\r\n } else if (dist < seg4 + seg3 + seg2) {\r\n x = p3.x + electron.offset;\r\n y = p3.y - (dist - seg4 - seg3);\r\n } else {\r\n x = p2.x - (dist - seg4 - seg3 - seg2);\r\n y = p2.y + electron.offset;\r\n }\r\n \r\n ctx.fillStyle = color;\r\n ctx.shadowColor = color;\r\n ctx.shadowBlur = reducedMotion ? 0 : 10;\r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.arc(x, y, 3, 0, Math.PI * 2);\r\n ctx.fill();\r\n ctx.shadowBlur = 0;\r\n });\r\n }\r\n \r\n \/\/ =============================================\r\n \/\/ DIBUJO DE GRAFICOS\r\n \/\/ =============================================\r\n \r\n function drawGraph(canvas, data, color, maxV, maxI) {\r\n const { ctx, width, height } = setupCanvas(canvas);\r\n \r\n const padding = { top: 20, right: 20, bottom: 35, left: 45 };\r\n const graphWidth = width - padding.left - padding.right;\r\n const graphHeight = height - padding.top - padding.bottom;\r\n \r\n ctx.fillStyle = '#111820';\r\n ctx.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);\r\n \r\n ctx.strokeStyle = COLORS.grid;\r\n ctx.lineWidth = 0.5;\r\n \r\n for (let i = 0; i <= 5; i++) {\r\n const x = padding.left + (graphWidth \/ 5) * i;\r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.moveTo(x, padding.top);\r\n ctx.lineTo(x, height - padding.bottom);\r\n ctx.stroke();\r\n }\r\n \r\n for (let i = 0; i <= 4; i++) {\r\n const y = padding.top + (graphHeight \/ 4) * i;\r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.moveTo(padding.left, y);\r\n ctx.lineTo(width - padding.right, y);\r\n ctx.stroke();\r\n }\r\n \r\n ctx.strokeStyle = COLORS.axis;\r\n ctx.lineWidth = 2;\r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.moveTo(padding.left, padding.top);\r\n ctx.lineTo(padding.left, height - padding.bottom);\r\n ctx.stroke();\r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.moveTo(padding.left, height - padding.bottom);\r\n ctx.lineTo(width - padding.right, height - padding.bottom);\r\n ctx.stroke();\r\n \r\n ctx.fillStyle = '#8b95a5';\r\n ctx.font = '10px \"JetBrains Mono\", monospace';\r\n ctx.textAlign = 'center';\r\n ctx.fillText('I (A)', width \/ 2, height - 5);\r\n \r\n ctx.save();\r\n ctx.translate(12, height \/ 2);\r\n ctx.rotate(-Math.PI \/ 2);\r\n ctx.fillText('V (V)', 0, 0);\r\n ctx.restore();\r\n \r\n ctx.textAlign = 'right';\r\n for (let i = 0; i <= 4; i++) {\r\n const v = (maxV \/ 4) * (4 - i);\r\n const y = padding.top + (graphHeight \/ 4) * i;\r\n ctx.fillText(v.toFixed(0), padding.left - 5, y + 3);\r\n }\r\n \r\n ctx.textAlign = 'center';\r\n for (let i = 0; i <= 5; i++) {\r\n const i_val = (maxI \/ 5) * i;\r\n const x = padding.left + (graphWidth \/ 5) * i;\r\n ctx.fillText(i_val.toFixed(1), x, height - padding.bottom + 15);\r\n }\r\n \r\n if (data.length > 0) {\r\n ctx.fillStyle = color;\r\n \r\n data.forEach(point => {\r\n const x = padding.left + (point.i \/ maxI) * graphWidth;\r\n const y = height - padding.bottom - (point.v \/ maxV) * graphHeight;\r\n \r\n if (x >= padding.left && x <= width - padding.right &&\r\n y >= padding.top && y <= height - padding.bottom) {\r\n ctx.beginPath();\r\n ctx.arc(x, y, 4, 0, Math.PI * 2);\r\n ctx.fill();\r\n }\r\n });\r\n }\r\n }\r\n \r\n \/\/ =============================================\r\n \/\/ ACTUALIZACION DE SIMULACIONES\r\n \/\/ =============================================\r\n \r\n function updateOhmicSimulation() {\r\n const voltageSlider = document.getElementById('voltage-slider-ohmic');\r\n const resistanceSlider = document.getElementById('resistance-slider-ohmic');\r\n \r\n const voltage = parseFloat(voltageSlider.value);\r\n const resistance = parseFloat(resistanceSlider.value);\r\n const current = calculateOhmicCurrent(voltage, resistance);\r\n \r\n document.getElementById('voltage-value-ohmic').textContent = voltage.toFixed(1) + ' V';\r\n document.getElementById('resistance-value-ohmic').textContent = resistance.toFixed(1) + ' Ohm';\r\n document.getElementById('voltmeter-ohmic').textContent = voltage.toFixed(2);\r\n document.getElementById('ammeter-ohmic').textContent = current.toFixed(2);\r\n \r\n const canvasOhmic = document.getElementById('circuit-ohmic');\r\n const { ctx, width, height } = setupCanvas(canvasOhmic);\r\n drawOhmicCircuit(ctx, width, height, voltage, resistance, current);\r\n drawElectronsOhmic(ctx, width, height, electronsOhmic, current, COLORS.ohmic);\r\n \r\n const graphCanvas = document.getElementById('graph-ohmic');\r\n drawGraph(graphCanvas, graphDataOhmic, COLORS.ohmic, 20, 5);\r\n }\r\n \r\n function updateLampSimulation() {\r\n const voltageSlider = document.getElementById('voltage-slider-lamp');\r\n \r\n const voltage = parseFloat(voltageSlider.value);\r\n const { current, resistance: effectiveR } = calculateLampCurrent(voltage, LAMP_R0, LAMP_HEATING_CONSTANT);\r\n const brightness = Math.min(current \/ 1.5, 1);\r\n \r\n document.getElementById('voltage-value-lamp').textContent = voltage.toFixed(1) + ' V';\r\n document.getElementById('voltmeter-lamp').textContent = voltage.toFixed(2);\r\n document.getElementById('ammeter-lamp').textContent = current.toFixed(2);\r\n document.getElementById('effective-resistance').textContent = effectiveR.toFixed(1);\r\n \r\n const canvasLamp = document.getElementById('circuit-lamp');\r\n const { ctx, width, height } = setupCanvas(canvasLamp);\r\n drawLampCircuit(ctx, width, height, voltage, current, brightness);\r\n drawElectronsLamp(ctx, width, height, electronsLamp, current, COLORS.nonOhmic);\r\n \r\n const graphCanvas = document.getElementById('graph-lamp');\r\n drawGraph(graphCanvas, graphDataLamp, COLORS.nonOhmic, 20, 5);\r\n }\r\n \r\n \/\/ =============================================\r\n \/\/ FUNCIONES DE CONTROL\r\n \/\/ =============================================\r\n \r\n function addPointToGraph(data, v, i) {\r\n const exists = data.some(p => Math.abs(p.v - v) < 0.3 && Math.abs(p.i - i) < 0.05);\r\n if (!exists) {\r\n data.push({ v, i });\r\n if (data.length > 150) {\r\n data.shift();\r\n }\r\n }\r\n }\r\n \r\n function resetOhmicSimulation() {\r\n \/\/ Resetear sliders a CERO\r\n document.getElementById('voltage-slider-ohmic').value = 0;\r\n document.getElementById('resistance-slider-ohmic').value = 10; \/\/ Valor por defecto\r\n \r\n \/\/ Limpiar grafico\r\n graphDataOhmic.length = 0;\r\n \r\n updateOhmicSimulation();\r\n }\r\n \r\n function resetLampSimulation() {\r\n \/\/ Resetear slider de voltaje a CERO\r\n document.getElementById('voltage-slider-lamp').value = 0;\r\n \r\n \/\/ Limpiar grafico\r\n graphDataLamp.length = 0;\r\n \r\n updateLampSimulation();\r\n }\r\n \r\n \/\/ =============================================\r\n \/\/ LOOP DE ANIMACION\r\n \/\/ =============================================\r\n \r\n function animate() {\r\n updateOhmicSimulation();\r\n updateLampSimulation();\r\n animationFrameId = requestAnimationFrame(animate);\r\n }\r\n \r\n \/\/ =============================================\r\n \/\/ EVENT LISTENERS\r\n \/\/ =============================================\r\n \r\n function setupEventListeners() {\r\n \/\/ Sliders ohmicos\r\n document.getElementById('voltage-slider-ohmic').addEventListener('input', function() {\r\n const voltage = parseFloat(this.value);\r\n const resistance = parseFloat(document.getElementById('resistance-slider-ohmic').value);\r\n const current = calculateOhmicCurrent(voltage, resistance);\r\n addPointToGraph(graphDataOhmic, voltage, current);\r\n });\r\n \r\n document.getElementById('resistance-slider-ohmic').addEventListener('input', function() {\r\n const voltage = parseFloat(document.getElementById('voltage-slider-ohmic').value);\r\n const resistance = parseFloat(this.value);\r\n const current = calculateOhmicCurrent(voltage, resistance);\r\n addPointToGraph(graphDataOhmic, voltage, current);\r\n });\r\n \r\n \/\/ Slider lampara\r\n document.getElementById('voltage-slider-lamp').addEventListener('input', function() {\r\n const voltage = parseFloat(this.value);\r\n const { current } = calculateLampCurrent(voltage, LAMP_R0, LAMP_HEATING_CONSTANT);\r\n addPointToGraph(graphDataLamp, voltage, current);\r\n });\r\n \r\n \/\/ Botones limpiar graficos\r\n document.getElementById('clear-graph-ohmic').addEventListener('click', function() {\r\n graphDataOhmic.length = 0;\r\n });\r\n \r\n document.getElementById('clear-graph-lamp').addEventListener('click', function() {\r\n graphDataLamp.length = 0;\r\n });\r\n \r\n \/\/ Botones reset\r\n document.getElementById('reset-ohmic').addEventListener('click', resetOhmicSimulation);\r\n document.getElementById('reset-lamp').addEventListener('click', resetLampSimulation);\r\n \r\n \/\/ Resize\r\n window.addEventListener('resize', function() {\r\n updateOhmicSimulation();\r\n updateLampSimulation();\r\n });\r\n }\r\n \r\n \/\/ =============================================\r\n \/\/ INICIALIZACION\r\n \/\/ =============================================\r\n \r\n function init() {\r\n electronsOhmic = initElectrons(18);\r\n electronsLamp = initElectrons(18);\r\n \r\n setupEventListeners();\r\n \r\n \/\/ NO agregar puntos iniciales - graficos vacios al inicio\r\n \r\n animate();\r\n }\r\n \r\n document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', init);\r\n <\/script>\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n <style>\r\n .btn-guia {\r\n position: fixed;\r\n bottom: 24px;\r\n left: 24px;\r\n z-index: 999;\r\n background: #3fb950;\r\n color: #0d1117;\r\n font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;\r\n font-size: 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}\r\n .guia-steps li::before {\r\n content: counter(steps);\r\n background: #dafbe1;\r\n color: #1a7f37;\r\n font-size: 0.72rem;\r\n font-weight: 700;\r\n width: 20px;\r\n height: 20px;\r\n border-radius: 50%;\r\n display: flex;\r\n align-items: center;\r\n justify-content: center;\r\n flex-shrink: 0;\r\n margin-top: 1px;\r\n border: 1px solid #1a7f37;\r\n }\r\n .guia-result {\r\n background: #dafbe1;\r\n border-left: 3px solid #1a7f37;\r\n border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0;\r\n padding: 10px 14px;\r\n color: #1f2328;\r\n font-size: 0.82rem;\r\n margin-top: 10px;\r\n }\r\n .guia-params {\r\n background: #f6f8fa;\r\n border: 1px solid #d0d7de;\r\n border-radius: 6px;\r\n padding: 10px 14px;\r\n font-size: 0.8rem;\r\n color: #1f2328;\r\n }\r\n .guia-params span { color: #0550ae; font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; }\r\n .var { font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; }\r\n .var.pos { color: #cf222e; }\r\n .var.neg { color: #0550ae; }\r\n .var.neu { color: #7d4e00; }\r\n .var.ok { color: #1a7f37; }\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"guia-panel\" id=\"guiaPanel\">\r\n <div class=\"guia-header\">\r\n <div class=\"guia-header-title\">\r\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M2 3h6a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v14a3 3 0 0 0-3-3H2z\"\/><path d=\"M22 3h-6a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v14a3 3 0 0 1 3-3h7z\"\/><\/svg>\r\n Gu\u00eda de uso\r\n <\/div>\r\n <button class=\"guia-close\" onclick=\"toggleGuia()\">\u2715<\/button>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"guia-body\">\r\n\r\n <!--\u2605 BORRAR DESDE AQUI \u2605-->\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.6; color: #333;\">\r\n<h3 style=\"color: #0056b3;\"> <span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Ley de Ohm: Resistencia y L\u00e1mpara<\/span><\/strong><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000080;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #ff0000;\"> <\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>Objetivo:<\/strong> Comparar el comportamiento de un conductor \u00f3hmico (resistencia fija) frente a uno no \u00f3hmico (l\u00e1mpara), analizando c\u00f3mo var\u00eda la corriente en funci\u00f3n del voltaje en ambos casos.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>Descripci\u00f3n breve:<\/strong> Simulaci\u00f3n experimental que permite recolectar datos de voltaje \\(V\\) y corriente \\(I\\) para dos componentes distintos. Mientras que el resistor mantiene una relaci\u00f3n lineal constante, la l\u00e1mpara muestra c\u00f3mo el aumento de temperatura afecta su resistencia, permitiendo verificar la Ley de Ohm y sus l\u00edmites pr\u00e1cticos.<\/span>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\\( V = I \\cdot R \\quad \\text{y} \\quad P = V \\cdot I \\)<\/span><\/div>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>C\u00f3mo usar (pasos):<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<ul style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Seleccionar el componente a probar (Resistencia o L\u00e1mpara) en el tablero de conexiones.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Variar el voltaje de la fuente de alimentaci\u00f3n utilizando el dial o control deslizante.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Registrar los valores de corriente indicados por el amper\u00edmetro para cada nivel de voltaje.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Observar el brillo de la l\u00e1mpara; a medida que aumenta el voltaje, el filamento se calienta y su resistencia cambia.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Utilizar los datos obtenidos para graficar la curva caracter\u00edstica \\(V\\) vs \\(I\\) y determinar si el comportamiento es lineal.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>Par\u00e1metros ajustables:<\/strong> Voltaje de la fuente, tipo de componente (Resistor\/L\u00e1mpara), visualizaci\u00f3n de instrumentos de medici\u00f3n y escalas de los mult\u00edmetros.<\/span>\r\n<p style=\"background-color: #f8f9fa; padding: 15px; border-left: 5px solid #0056b3;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>Resultados esperados \/ observaciones:<\/strong> Para el resistor, la gr\u00e1fica \\(V\\) vs \\(I\\) ser\u00e1 una l\u00ednea recta cuya pendiente es la resistencia. Para la l\u00e1mpara, la curva se desviar\u00e1 de la linealidad debido al efecto Joule, demostrando que la resistencia del filamento aumenta con la temperatura.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n <!--\u2605 BORRAR HASTA AQUI \u2605-->\r\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<button class=\"btn-guia\" onclick=\"toggleGuia()\">\r\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M2 3h6a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v14a3 3 0 0 0-3-3H2z\"\/><path d=\"M22 3h-6a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v14a3 3 0 0 1 3-3h7z\"\/><\/svg>\r\n Gu\u00eda de uso\r\n<\/button>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n function toggleGuia() {\r\n document.getElementById('guiaPanel').classList.toggle('visible');\r\n }\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n<\/body>\r\n<\/html>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Simulaci\u00f3n Ley de Ohm – Laboratorio Virtual Ley de Ohm – Laboratorio Virtual Explora la relacion entre voltaje, corriente y resistencia en conductores ohmicos y…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6099","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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