FLUXAR - Capacitancia Placas Paralelas<\/title>\r\n <link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Space+Grotesk:wght@400;500;700&family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;500&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\r\n <script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.tailwindcss.com\"><\/script>\r\n \r\n <script src=\"https:\/\/unpkg.com\/three@0.128.0\/build\/three.min.js\"><\/script>\r\n <script src=\"https:\/\/unpkg.com\/three@0.128.0\/examples\/js\/controls\/OrbitControls.js\"><\/script>\r\n\r\n <style>\r\n :root {\r\n --bg-primary: #05080f;\r\n --bg-panel: rgba(10, 14, 23, 0.92);\r\n --text-primary: #e8edf5;\r\n --text-secondary: #8b9cb8;\r\n --accent-positive: #ef4444;\r\n --accent-negative: #3b82f6;\r\n --accent-energy: #eab308;\r\n --accent-dielectric: #22c55e;\r\n --border-color: #2d3a4f;\r\n }\r\n \r\n * { margin: 0; padding: 0; box-sizing: border-box; }\r\n \r\n body {\r\n font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;\r\n background: var(--bg-primary);\r\n color: var(--text-primary);\r\n overflow: hidden;\r\n height: 100vh;\r\n width: 100vw;\r\n }\r\n\r\n #canvas-container {\r\n position: fixed;\r\n top: 0; left: 0;\r\n width: 100%; height: 100%;\r\n z-index: 1;\r\n background: radial-gradient(circle at 50% 50%, #111827 0%, #05080f 100%);\r\n }\r\n\r\n .panel {\r\n position: fixed;\r\n top: 20px;\r\n bottom: 20px;\r\n background: var(--bg-panel);\r\n backdrop-filter: blur(12px);\r\n border: 1px solid var(--border-color);\r\n border-radius: 16px;\r\n padding: 25px;\r\n z-index: 10;\r\n display: flex;\r\n flex-direction: column;\r\n gap: 15px;\r\n overflow-y: auto;\r\n width: 320px;\r\n transition: transform 0.3s ease;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .left-panel { left: 20px; }\r\n .right-panel { right: 20px; }\r\n\r\n h1 { font-size: 1.1rem; font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 5px; }\r\n .subtitle { font-size: 0.75rem; color: var(--text-secondary); opacity: 0.8; margin-bottom: 15px; }\r\n\r\n .section { margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 15px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.05); }\r\n .section:last-child { border-bottom: none; }\r\n .section-title { \r\n font-size: 0.65rem; \r\n color: var(--text-secondary); \r\n text-transform: uppercase; \r\n letter-spacing: 1.5px; \r\n margin-bottom: 12px; \r\n }\r\n\r\n .control-group { margin-bottom: 18px; }\r\n .control-label { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; font-size: 0.85rem; margin-bottom: 6px; }\r\n .value-display {\r\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\r\n color: var(--accent-energy);\r\n font-size: 0.8rem;\r\n background: rgba(234, 179, 8, 0.1);\r\n padding: 2px 6px;\r\n border-radius: 4px;\r\n }\r\n \r\n input[type=\"range\"] {\r\n width: 100%; height: 2px;\r\n background: #1a2332;\r\n border-radius: 1px;\r\n outline: none;\r\n -webkit-appearance: none;\r\n cursor: pointer;\r\n }\r\n input[type=\"range\"]::-webkit-slider-thumb {\r\n -webkit-appearance: none;\r\n width: 12px; height: 12px;\r\n background: var(--accent-energy);\r\n border-radius: 50%;\r\n border: 2px solid var(--bg-primary);\r\n box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(234, 179, 8, 0.5);\r\n }\r\n\r\n select {\r\n width: 100%;\r\n background: #1a2332;\r\n border: 1px solid var(--border-color);\r\n color: var(--accent-energy);\r\n padding: 8px;\r\n border-radius: 6px;\r\n font-family: inherit;\r\n font-weight: 600;\r\n cursor: pointer;\r\n }\r\n select:focus { outline: none; border-color: var(--accent-energy); }\r\n\r\n .toggle-row { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 0.85rem; }\r\n .switch {\r\n position: relative;\r\n width: 36px; height: 20px;\r\n background: #1a2332;\r\n border-radius: 10px;\r\n cursor: pointer;\r\n transition: background 0.3s;\r\n border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);\r\n }\r\n .switch.active { background: rgba(34, 197, 94, 0.3); border-color: var(--accent-dielectric); }\r\n .switch::after {\r\n content: '';\r\n position: absolute;\r\n top: 2px; left: 2px;\r\n width: 14px; height: 14px;\r\n background: #8b9cb8;\r\n border-radius: 50%;\r\n transition: all 0.3s;\r\n }\r\n .switch.active::after { transform: translateX(16px); background: var(--accent-dielectric); box-shadow: 0 0 8px var(--accent-dielectric); }\r\n\r\n .data-card {\r\n background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03);\r\n border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.05);\r\n border-radius: 8px;\r\n padding: 12px;\r\n margin-bottom: 10px;\r\n }\r\n .data-row { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; font-size: 0.8rem; margin-bottom: 6px; }\r\n .data-label { color: var(--text-secondary); }\r\n .data-value { font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; color: white; font-weight: 500; }\r\n .data-value.highlight { color: var(--accent-energy); }\r\n\r\n .equations {\r\n background: rgba(0,0,0,0.2);\r\n border-radius: 8px;\r\n padding: 12px;\r\n margin-top: 5px;\r\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\r\n font-size: 0.8rem;\r\n color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7);\r\n line-height: 1.6;\r\n }\r\n \r\n .legend {\r\n display: flex;\r\n flex-direction: column;\r\n gap: 6px;\r\n margin-top: 10px;\r\n font-size: 0.7rem;\r\n color: var(--text-secondary);\r\n }\r\n .legend-item { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; }\r\n .legend-color { width: 16px; height: 4px; border-radius: 2px; }\r\n\r\n @media (max-width: 1000px) {\r\n .panel { display: none; }\r\n .left-panel { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; max-height: 40vh; bottom: 0; top: auto; border-radius: 16px 16px 0 0; }\r\n }\r\n \r\n .logo-box {\r\n position: fixed;\r\n bottom: 20px;\r\n right: 20px;\r\n display: flex;\r\n align-items: center;\r\n gap: 10px;\r\n background: rgba(22, 27, 34, 0.9);\r\n padding: 10px 14px;\r\n border-radius: 8px;\r\n border: 1px solid var(--border-color);\r\n z-index: 100;\r\n }\r\n .logo-img { width: 100px; }\r\n .logo-text { font-size: 0.7rem; line-height: 1.3; color: var(--text-muted); }\r\n .logo-text b { display: block; color: var(--text-main); font-weight: 600; }\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n <\/style>\r\n<\/head>\r\n<body>\r\n\r\n <div id=\"canvas-container\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"panel left-panel\">\r\n <div>\r\n <h><strong>Capacitor de Placas Paralelas<\/strong><\/h>\r\n <div class=\"subtitle\">Simulacion Fisica Interactiva<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"section\">\r\n <div class=\"section-title\">Parametros Fisicos<\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"control-group\">\r\n <div class=\"control-label\"><span>Voltaje (V)<\/span><span class=\"value-display\" id=\"valV\">100 V<\/span><\/div>\r\n <input type=\"range\" id=\"sldV\" min=\"0\" max=\"500\" value=\"100\">\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"control-group\">\r\n <div class=\"control-label\"><span>Area (A)<\/span><span class=\"value-display\" id=\"valA\">0.01 m\u00b2<\/span><\/div>\r\n <input type=\"range\" id=\"sldA\" min=\"0.001\" max=\"0.02\" value=\"0.01\" step=\"0.001\">\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"control-group\">\r\n <div class=\"control-label\"><span>Separacion (d)<\/span><span class=\"value-display\" id=\"valD\">2.0 mm<\/span><\/div>\r\n <input type=\"range\" id=\"sldD\" min=\"0.5\" max=\"10\" value=\"2\" step=\"0.1\">\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section\">\r\n <div class=\"section-title\">Material Dielectrico<\/div>\r\n <select id=\"materialSelect\">\r\n <option value=\"1\">Vacio (\u03b5r = 1.0)<\/option>\r\n <option value=\"1.0006\">Aire (\u03b5r \u2248 1.0)<\/option>\r\n <option value=\"4.0\">Vidrio (\u03b5r \u2248 4.0)<\/option>\r\n <option value=\"2.1\">Teflon (\u03b5r \u2248 2.1)<\/option>\r\n <option value=\"80\">Agua (\u03b5r \u2248 80)<\/option>\r\n <\/select>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"toggle-row\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\r\n <span>Insertar Dielectrico<\/span>\r\n <div class=\"switch active\" id=\"tglDielectric\"><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"toggle-row\">\r\n <span>Ver Dipolos<\/span>\r\n <div class=\"switch active\" id=\"tglDipoles\"><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"toggle-row\">\r\n <span>Ver Vectores de Campo<\/span>\r\n <div class=\"switch active\" id=\"tglVectors\"><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"section\">\r\n <div class=\"section-title\">Leyendas de Campo<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"legend\">\r\n <div class=\"legend-item\"><div class=\"legend-color\" style=\"background:#ef4444\"><\/div>E0 (Vac\u00edo - Constante)<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"legend-item\"><div class=\"legend-color\" style=\"background:#00bcd4\"><\/div>Ei (Inducido - Opuesto)<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"legend-item\"><div class=\"legend-color\" style=\"background:#22c55e\"><\/div>E (Neto - Reducido)<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"panel right-panel\">\r\n <div class=\"section-title\">Resultados en Tiempo Real<\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"data-card\">\r\n <div class=\"data-row\"><span class=\"data-label\">Capacitancia (C)<\/span><span class=\"data-value highlight\" id=\"resC\">44.3 pF<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"data-row\"><span class=\"data-label\">Carga (Q)<\/span><span class=\"data-value\" id=\"resQ\">4.43 nC<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"data-row\"><span class=\"data-label\">Campo Electrico (E)<\/span><span class=\"data-value\" id=\"resE\">50.0 kV\/m<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"data-row\"><span class=\"data-label\">Energia (U)<\/span><span class=\"data-value\" id=\"resU\">0.22 \u03bcJ<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"section-title\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">Modelo Matematico<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"equations\">\r\n <div>C = \u03b5\u2080 \u03b5\u1d63 A \/ d<\/div>\r\n <div>Q = C \u00b7 V<\/div>\r\n <div>E = V \/ d<\/div>\r\n <div>U = \u00bd C V\u00b2<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n \r\n<div class=\"logo-box\">\r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/fisica2.fica.unsl.edu.ar\/index.php\/FISAR_SIM\/\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"FISAR_SIM_1\" alt=\"Logo\" class=\"logo-img\"><\/a>\r\n <div class=\"logo-text\"><b>FICA UNSL<\/b>Simulaciones Interactivas<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <script>\r\n \/\/ --- MOTOR 3D THREE.JS ---\r\n let scene, camera, renderer, controls;\r\n let capacitorGroup, plates = [], fieldLines = [], dipoles = [], chargeGroups = {pos: null, neg: null}, vectorGroup;\r\n \r\n \/\/ Estado\r\n const state = {\r\n V: 100,\r\n A: 0.01,\r\n d: 2.0,\r\n er: 1.0,\r\n material: \"Vacio\",\r\n showDielectric: true,\r\n showDipoles: true,\r\n showVectors: true\r\n };\r\n\r\n \/\/ Constantes F\u00edsicas\r\n const e0 = 8.854e-12;\r\n\r\n function init3D() {\r\n scene = new THREE.Scene();\r\n scene.background = new THREE.Color(0x05080f);\r\n \r\n camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(50, window.innerWidth \/ window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);\r\n camera.position.set(0, 5, 12); \r\n \r\n renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true });\r\n renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);\r\n renderer.setPixelRatio(window.devicePixelRatio);\r\n document.getElementById('canvas-container').appendChild(renderer.domElement);\r\n \r\n controls = new THREE.OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement);\r\n controls.enableDamping = true;\r\n \r\n scene.add(new THREE.AmbientLight(0xffffff, 0.8));\r\n const dirLight = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 0.5);\r\n dirLight.position.set(5, 10, 7);\r\n scene.add(dirLight);\r\n\r\n capacitorGroup = new THREE.Group();\r\n scene.add(capacitorGroup);\r\n \r\n vectorGroup = new THREE.Group();\r\n scene.add(vectorGroup);\r\n\r\n buildCapacitor();\r\n animate();\r\n }\r\n\r\n function clearGroup(group) {\r\n for (let i = group.children.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\r\n const obj = group.children[i];\r\n if(obj.geometry) obj.geometry.dispose();\r\n if(obj.material) {\r\n if(Array.isArray(obj.material)) obj.material.forEach(m => m.dispose());\r\n else obj.material.dispose();\r\n }\r\n group.remove(obj);\r\n }\r\n }\r\n\r\n function buildCapacitor() {\r\n clearGroup(capacitorGroup);\r\n plates = []; fieldLines = []; dipoles = []; \r\n chargeGroups.pos = null; chargeGroups.neg = null;\r\n\r\n const width = Math.sqrt(state.A) * 200; \r\n const height = Math.sqrt(state.A) * 200;\r\n const depth = 0.5;\r\n const separation = state.d * 10; \r\n\r\n const matPos = new THREE.MeshPhongMaterial({ color: 0xef4444, emissive: 0x330000, transparent: true, opacity: 0.9 });\r\n const matNeg = new THREE.MeshPhongMaterial({ color: 0x3b82f6, emissive: 0x000033, transparent: true, opacity: 0.9 });\r\n\r\n const geoPlate = new THREE.BoxGeometry(depth, height, width);\r\n \r\n const platePos = new THREE.Mesh(geoPlate, matPos);\r\n platePos.position.x = -separation \/ 2;\r\n capacitorGroup.add(platePos);\r\n plates.push(platePos);\r\n\r\n const plateNeg = new THREE.Mesh(geoPlate, matNeg);\r\n plateNeg.position.x = separation \/ 2;\r\n capacitorGroup.add(plateNeg);\r\n plates.push(plateNeg);\r\n\r\n createDynamicCharges(platePos, true, width, height);\r\n createDynamicCharges(plateNeg, false, width, height);\r\n\r\n if (state.showDielectric) {\r\n const dielectricGeo = new THREE.BoxGeometry(separation - 1, height * 0.9, width * 0.9);\r\n const dielectricMat = new THREE.MeshPhongMaterial({ \r\n color: 0x22c55e, transparent: true, opacity: 0.15, side: THREE.DoubleSide\r\n });\r\n const dielectricBlock = new THREE.Mesh(dielectricGeo, dielectricMat);\r\n capacitorGroup.add(dielectricBlock);\r\n\r\n if (state.showDipoles) addDipolesBox(separation, height, width);\r\n }\r\n\r\n addFieldLinesPlates(separation, width, height);\r\n \r\n updatePhysicsVisuals();\r\n }\r\n\r\n function createDynamicCharges(plate, isPositive, w, h) {\r\n const count = Math.floor((state.V \/ 500) * 40);\r\n if(count === 0) return;\r\n\r\n const group = new THREE.Group();\r\n \r\n const canvas = document.createElement('canvas');\r\n canvas.width = 64; canvas.height = 64;\r\n const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');\r\n ctx.fillStyle = \"white\";\r\n ctx.font = \"bold 50px Arial\";\r\n ctx.textAlign = \"center\";\r\n ctx.textBaseline = \"middle\";\r\n ctx.fillText(isPositive ? \"+\" : \"-\", 32, 32);\r\n const texture = new THREE.CanvasTexture(canvas);\r\n \r\n const sphereGeo = new THREE.SphereGeometry(0.2, 12, 12);\r\n const sphereMat = new THREE.MeshPhongMaterial({ \r\n color: isPositive ? 0xffdddd : 0xddddff, \r\n emissive: isPositive ? 0xff0000 : 0x0000ff, \r\n emissiveIntensity: 0.3 \r\n });\r\n const spriteMat = new THREE.SpriteMaterial({ map: texture, transparent: true, depthTest: false});\r\n\r\n for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {\r\n const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(sphereGeo, sphereMat);\r\n const sprite = new THREE.Sprite(spriteMat);\r\n sprite.scale.set(0.4, 0.4, 1);\r\n mesh.add(sprite);\r\n \r\n mesh.position.set(\r\n plate.position.x + (isPositive ? 0.3 : -0.3),\r\n (Math.random() - 0.5) * h * 0.85,\r\n (Math.random() - 0.5) * w * 0.85\r\n );\r\n group.add(mesh);\r\n }\r\n \r\n capacitorGroup.add(group);\r\n if(isPositive) chargeGroups.pos = group;\r\n else chargeGroups.neg = group;\r\n }\r\n\r\n function addFieldLinesPlates(sep, w, h) {\r\n const lineMat = new THREE.LineBasicMaterial({ color: 0xeab308, transparent: true, opacity: 0.3 });\r\n const rows = 5; const cols = 5;\r\n\r\n for (let i = 0; i < rows; i++) {\r\n for (let j = 0; j < cols; j++) {\r\n const y = (i - rows\/2 + 0.5) * (h\/rows);\r\n const z = (j - cols\/2 + 0.5) * (w\/cols);\r\n const points = [\r\n new THREE.Vector3(-sep\/2 + 0.6, y, z), \r\n new THREE.Vector3(sep\/2 - 0.6, y, z)\r\n ];\r\n const geo = new THREE.BufferGeometry().setFromPoints(points);\r\n const line = new THREE.Line(geo, lineMat);\r\n capacitorGroup.add(line);\r\n fieldLines.push(line);\r\n }\r\n }\r\n }\r\n \r\n function addDipolesBox(sep, h, w) {\r\n const count = 20;\r\n \r\n for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {\r\n const x = (Math.random() - 0.5) * (sep - 3);\r\n const y = (Math.random() - 0.5) * h * 0.7;\r\n const z = (Math.random() - 0.5) * w * 0.7;\r\n\r\n const dipole = new THREE.Group();\r\n dipole.position.set(x, y, z);\r\n \r\n dipole.userData.randomRot = new THREE.Euler(\r\n Math.random() * Math.PI,\r\n Math.random() * Math.PI,\r\n Math.random() * Math.PI\r\n );\r\n dipole.rotation.copy(dipole.userData.randomRot);\r\n\r\n const bodyGeo = new THREE.CylinderGeometry(0.05, 0.05, 0.8, 6);\r\n const bodyMat = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0xaaaaaa });\r\n const body = new THREE.Mesh(bodyGeo, bodyMat);\r\n body.rotation.x = Math.PI \/ 2; \r\n dipole.add(body);\r\n\r\n const poleGeo = new THREE.SphereGeometry(0.12, 8, 8);\r\n const matP = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0xef4444 });\r\n const poleP = new THREE.Mesh(poleGeo, matP);\r\n poleP.position.z = 0.45; \r\n dipole.add(poleP);\r\n\r\n const matN = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0x3b82f6 });\r\n const poleN = new THREE.Mesh(poleGeo, matN);\r\n poleN.position.z = -0.45; \r\n dipole.add(poleN);\r\n\r\n capacitorGroup.add(dipole);\r\n dipoles.push(dipole);\r\n }\r\n }\r\n\r\n function updatePhysicsVisuals() {\r\n let C, Q, U;\r\n const d_m = state.d \/ 1000.0; \r\n const A_m = state.A;\r\n \r\n \/\/ 1. C\u00e1lculo de Capacitancia y Energ\u00eda (afectados por er)\r\n C = (e0 * state.er * A_m) \/ d_m;\r\n Q = C * state.V;\r\n U = 0.5 * C * state.V * state.V;\r\n\r\n \/\/ 2. C\u00e1lculo de Campos El\u00e9ctricos\r\n \r\n \/\/ Campo en el Vac\u00edo (E0): Siempre V\/d, independiente del material\r\n \/\/ Este es el campo \"externo\" aplicado.\r\n const E0 = state.V \/ d_m; \r\n \r\n \/\/ Campo Neto (E): Es el campo resultante dentro del diel\u00e9ctrico.\r\n \/\/ Si hay diel\u00e9ctrico, se reduce: E = E0 \/ er\r\n \/\/ Si no hay, es igual a E0.\r\n let E;\r\n if (state.showDielectric) {\r\n E = E0 \/ state.er;\r\n } else {\r\n E = E0;\r\n }\r\n \r\n \/\/ Campo Inducido (Ei): Campo generado por la polarizaci\u00f3n.\r\n \/\/ Ei = E0 - E (Vectorialmente opuesto)\r\n \/\/ Magnitud: Ei = E0 - E = E0 * (1 - 1\/er)\r\n let Ei = 0;\r\n if (state.showDielectric) {\r\n Ei = E0 * (1 - 1\/state.er);\r\n }\r\n\r\n \/\/ UI Updates\r\n document.getElementById('resC').innerText = (C * 1e12).toFixed(2) + \" pF\";\r\n document.getElementById('resQ').innerText = (Q * 1e9).toFixed(2) + \" nC\";\r\n document.getElementById('resE').innerText = (E \/ 1000).toFixed(2) + \" kV\/m\";\r\n document.getElementById('resU').innerText = (U * 1e6).toFixed(2) + \" \u03bcJ\";\r\n\r\n const intensity = state.V \/ 500.0;\r\n \r\n if(chargeGroups.pos) chargeGroups.pos.visible = state.V > 0;\r\n if(chargeGroups.neg) chargeGroups.neg.visible = state.V > 0;\r\n \r\n fieldLines.forEach(l => { l.material.opacity = intensity * 0.5; });\r\n\r\n \/\/ Animaci\u00f3n Dipolos\r\n const targetQuat = new THREE.Quaternion();\r\n targetQuat.setFromUnitVectors(new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 1), new THREE.Vector3(1, 0, 0));\r\n \r\n dipoles.forEach(d => {\r\n const randomQuat = new THREE.Quaternion().setFromEuler(d.userData.randomRot);\r\n d.quaternion.slerpQuaternions(randomQuat, targetQuat, intensity);\r\n });\r\n\r\n \/\/ --- Vectores de Campo (Correcci\u00f3n L\u00f3gica) ---\r\n clearGroup(vectorGroup);\r\n \r\n if (state.showVectors && state.V > 0) {\r\n \r\n \/\/ Escala: 100 kV\/m = 1 unidad de largo\r\n const scaleFactor = 0.01 * 10; \r\n const direction = new THREE.Vector3(1, 0, 0); \/\/ +X\r\n \r\n \/\/ --- 1. Vector Rojo (E0 - Vac\u00edo) ---\r\n \/\/ Su longitud depende SOLO de V y d. No cambia con el material.\r\n const len0 = (E0 \/ 1000) * scaleFactor;\r\n const vPos0 = new THREE.Vector3(0, 3, 0);\r\n const vE0 = new THREE.ArrowHelper(direction, vPos0, len0, 0xef4444, len0 * 0.2, len0 * 0.1);\r\n vectorGroup.add(vE0);\r\n \r\n \/\/ --- Si hay Diel\u00e9ctrico ---\r\n if (state.showDielectric) {\r\n \r\n \/\/ --- 2. Vector Celeste (Ei - Inducido) ---\r\n \/\/ Longitud proporcional a Ei. Sentido opuesto (-X).\r\n const lenI = (Ei \/ 1000) * scaleFactor;\r\n \r\n if(lenI > 0.05) {\r\n const vPosI = new THREE.Vector3(0, 2.5, 0);\r\n \/\/ Direcci\u00f3n negativa\r\n const vEi = new THREE.ArrowHelper(direction.clone().negate(), vPosI, lenI, 0x00bcd4, lenI * 0.2, lenI * 0.1);\r\n vectorGroup.add(vEi);\r\n }\r\n \r\n \/\/ --- 3. Vector Verde (E - Neto) ---\r\n \/\/ Longitud proporcional a E. Debe ser MENOR que E0.\r\n const lenNet = (E \/ 1000) * scaleFactor;\r\n const vPosNet = new THREE.Vector3(0, 2.0, 0);\r\n const vE = new THREE.ArrowHelper(direction, vPosNet, lenNet, 0x22c55e, lenNet * 0.2, lenNet * 0.1);\r\n vectorGroup.add(vE);\r\n }\r\n }\r\n }\r\n\r\n function animate() {\r\n requestAnimationFrame(animate);\r\n controls.update();\r\n renderer.render(scene, camera);\r\n }\r\n\r\n function setupEvents() {\r\n const bindSlider = (id, key, displayId, suffix, factor = 1) => {\r\n const el = document.getElementById(id);\r\n el.oninput = function() {\r\n state[key] = parseFloat(this.value) * factor;\r\n document.getElementById(displayId).innerText = this.value + \" \" + suffix;\r\n buildCapacitor();\r\n }\r\n };\r\n\r\n bindSlider('sldV', 'V', 'valV', 'V');\r\n bindSlider('sldA', 'A', 'valA', ' m\u00b2');\r\n bindSlider('sldD', 'd', 'valD', ' mm');\r\n\r\n document.getElementById('materialSelect').onchange = function() {\r\n state.er = parseFloat(this.value);\r\n state.material = this.options[this.selectedIndex].text;\r\n buildCapacitor();\r\n }\r\n\r\n document.getElementById('tglDielectric').onclick = function() {\r\n this.classList.toggle('active');\r\n state.showDielectric = this.classList.contains('active');\r\n buildCapacitor();\r\n }\r\n \r\n document.getElementById('tglDipoles').onclick = function() {\r\n this.classList.toggle('active');\r\n state.showDipoles = this.classList.contains('active');\r\n buildCapacitor();\r\n }\r\n \r\n document.getElementById('tglVectors').onclick = function() {\r\n this.classList.toggle('active');\r\n state.showVectors = this.classList.contains('active');\r\n updatePhysicsVisuals();\r\n }\r\n }\r\n\r\n window.addEventListener('resize', () => {\r\n camera.aspect = window.innerWidth \/ window.innerHeight;\r\n camera.updateProjectionMatrix();\r\n renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);\r\n });\r\n\r\n init3D();\r\n setupEvents();\r\n\r\n <\/script>\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n <style>\r\n .btn-guia {\r\n position: fixed;\r\n bottom: 24px;\r\n left: 24px;\r\n z-index: 999;\r\n background: #3fb950;\r\n color: #0d1117;\r\n font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;\r\n font-size: 0.82rem;\r\n font-weight: 700;\r\n letter-spacing: 1px;\r\n text-transform: uppercase;\r\n padding: 10px 18px;\r\n border-radius: 8px;\r\n border: none;\r\n cursor: pointer;\r\n box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(63,185,80,0.35);\r\n transition: transform 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s;\r\n display: flex;\r\n align-items: center;\r\n gap: 8px;\r\n }\r\n .btn-guia:hover {\r\n transform: translateY(-2px);\r\n box-shadow: 0 6px 24px rgba(63,185,80,0.5);\r\n }\r\n .btn-guia svg { width: 15px; height: 15px; flex-shrink: 0; }\r\n .guia-panel {\r\n position: fixed;\r\n bottom: 72px;\r\n left: 24px;\r\n width: 400px;\r\n max-height: 70vh;\r\n z-index: 1000;\r\n background: #ffffff;\r\n border: 1px solid #d0d7de;\r\n border-radius: 12px;\r\n box-shadow: 0 16px 48px rgba(0,0,0,0.4);\r\n display: none;\r\n flex-direction: column;\r\n overflow: hidden;\r\n font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;\r\n }\r\n .guia-panel.visible { display: flex; }\r\n .guia-header {\r\n display: flex;\r\n justify-content: space-between;\r\n align-items: center;\r\n padding: 12px 16px;\r\n border-bottom: 1px solid #d0d7de;\r\n flex-shrink: 0;\r\n background: #f6f8fa;\r\n }\r\n .guia-header-title {\r\n display: flex;\r\n align-items: center;\r\n gap: 8px;\r\n font-size: 0.85rem;\r\n font-weight: 700;\r\n color: #1f2328;\r\n }\r\n .guia-header-title svg { width: 15px; height: 15px; color: #3fb950; }\r\n .guia-close {\r\n background: none;\r\n border: none;\r\n color: #636c76;\r\n font-size: 1rem;\r\n cursor: pointer;\r\n padding: 2px 7px;\r\n border-radius: 4px;\r\n transition: color 0.2s, background 0.2s;\r\n line-height: 1;\r\n }\r\n .guia-close:hover { color: #1f2328; background: rgba(0,0,0,0.06); }\r\n .guia-body {\r\n overflow-y: auto;\r\n padding: 18px 18px 20px;\r\n color: #1f2328;\r\n font-size: 0.83rem;\r\n line-height: 1.65;\r\n background: #ffffff;\r\n }\r\n .guia-body::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 5px; }\r\n .guia-body::-webkit-scrollbar-track { background: transparent; }\r\n .guia-body::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: #d0d7de; border-radius: 3px; }\r\n .guia-section-title {\r\n font-size: 1rem;\r\n font-weight: 700;\r\n color: #1f2328;\r\n margin: 0 0 12px 0;\r\n padding-bottom: 8px;\r\n border-bottom: 1px solid #d0d7de;\r\n }\r\n .guia-block { margin-bottom: 14px; }\r\n .guia-label {\r\n font-size: 0.72rem;\r\n text-transform: uppercase;\r\n letter-spacing: 1px;\r\n color: #636c76;\r\n margin-bottom: 4px;\r\n }\r\n .guia-text { color: #1f2328; }\r\n .guia-formula {\r\n background: #f6f8fa;\r\n border: 1px solid #d0d7de;\r\n border-radius: 6px;\r\n padding: 10px 14px;\r\n text-align: center;\r\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\r\n font-size: 0.88rem;\r\n color: #0550ae;\r\n margin: 10px 0;\r\n }\r\n .guia-steps { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; counter-reset: steps; }\r\n .guia-steps li {\r\n counter-increment: steps;\r\n display: flex;\r\n gap: 10px;\r\n margin-bottom: 8px;\r\n align-items: flex-start;\r\n color: #1f2328;\r\n }\r\n .guia-steps li::before {\r\n content: counter(steps);\r\n background: #dafbe1;\r\n color: #1a7f37;\r\n font-size: 0.72rem;\r\n font-weight: 700;\r\n width: 20px;\r\n height: 20px;\r\n border-radius: 50%;\r\n display: flex;\r\n align-items: center;\r\n justify-content: center;\r\n flex-shrink: 0;\r\n margin-top: 1px;\r\n border: 1px solid #1a7f37;\r\n }\r\n .guia-result {\r\n background: #dafbe1;\r\n border-left: 3px solid #1a7f37;\r\n border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0;\r\n padding: 10px 14px;\r\n color: #1f2328;\r\n font-size: 0.82rem;\r\n margin-top: 10px;\r\n }\r\n .guia-params {\r\n background: #f6f8fa;\r\n border: 1px solid #d0d7de;\r\n border-radius: 6px;\r\n padding: 10px 14px;\r\n font-size: 0.8rem;\r\n color: #1f2328;\r\n }\r\n .guia-params span { color: #0550ae; font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; }\r\n .var { font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; }\r\n .var.pos { color: #cf222e; }\r\n .var.neg { color: #0550ae; }\r\n .var.neu { color: #7d4e00; }\r\n .var.ok { color: #1a7f37; }\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"guia-panel\" id=\"guiaPanel\">\r\n <div class=\"guia-header\">\r\n <div class=\"guia-header-title\">\r\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M2 3h6a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v14a3 3 0 0 0-3-3H2z\"\/><path d=\"M22 3h-6a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v14a3 3 0 0 1 3-3h7z\"\/><\/svg>\r\n Gu\u00eda de uso\r\n <\/div>\r\n <button class=\"guia-close\" onclick=\"toggleGuia()\">\u2715<\/button>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"guia-body\">\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.6; color: #333;\">\r\n<h3 style=\"color: #0056b3;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000080;\">Diel\u00e9ctricos en Capacitor<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000080;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #ff0000;\"> <\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>Objetivo:<\/strong> Analizar el efecto de la polarizaci\u00f3n de los materiales aislantes (diel\u00e9ctricos) en la capacidad de almacenamiento de un condensador y en la intensidad del campo el\u00e9ctrico resultante.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>Descripci\u00f3n breve:<\/strong> Simulaci\u00f3n interactiva que permite introducir diferentes bloques de materiales entre las placas de un capacitor. Visualiza c\u00f3mo las mol\u00e9culas del diel\u00e9ctrico se orientan generando un campo inducido que se opone al campo externo, reduciendo la diferencia de potencial y aumentando la capacitancia seg\u00fan el factor \\(\\kappa\\):<\/span>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\\( C = \\kappa \\cdot C_0 \\quad \\text{y} \\quad \\mathbf{E} = \\frac{\\mathbf{E}_0}{\\kappa} \\)<\/span><\/div>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>C\u00f3mo usar (pasos):<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<ul style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Cargar el capacitor conect\u00e1ndolo a una bater\u00eda de voltaje \\(V\\).<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Seleccionar un material diel\u00e9ctrico (vidrio, tefl\u00f3n, papel o personalizado) con una constante \\(\\kappa\\) espec\u00edfica.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Deslizar el bloque diel\u00e9ctrico hacia el interior del espacio entre las placas y observar el cambio en los medidores de capacitancia y carga.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Activar la vista de \"Cargas Relativas\" para observar c\u00f3mo aparecen cargas ligadas en las superficies del diel\u00e9ctrico debido a la polarizaci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Comparar los resultados cuando el capacitor est\u00e1 conectado a la bater\u00eda (voltaje constante) frente a cuando est\u00e1 desconectado (carga constante).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>Par\u00e1metros ajustables:<\/strong> Voltaje de la fuente, constante diel\u00e9ctrica (\\(\\kappa\\)), posici\u00f3n del diel\u00e9ctrico (parcial o totalmente insertado) y visualizaci\u00f3n de vectores de campo el\u00e9ctrico total e inducido.<\/span>\r\n<p style=\"background-color: #f8f9fa; padding: 15px; border-left: 5px solid #0056b3;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>Resultados esperados \/ observaciones:<\/strong> La introducci\u00f3n del diel\u00e9ctrico siempre aumenta la capacitancia. Si el capacitor est\u00e1 aislado, el voltaje disminuye; si permanece conectado, la carga almacenada aumenta. Se verifica visualmente que el material diel\u00e9ctrico reduce el campo el\u00e9ctrico neto en su interior.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<button class=\"btn-guia\" onclick=\"toggleGuia()\">\r\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M2 3h6a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v14a3 3 0 0 0-3-3H2z\"\/><path d=\"M22 3h-6a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v14a3 3 0 0 1 3-3h7z\"\/><\/svg>\r\n Gu\u00eda de uso\r\n<\/button>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n function toggleGuia() {\r\n document.getElementById('guiaPanel').classList.toggle('visible');\r\n }\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n<\/body>\r\n<\/html>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>FLUXAR – Capacitancia Placas Paralelas Capacitor de Placas Paralelas Simulacion Fisica Interactiva Parametros Fisicos Voltaje (V)100 V Area (A)0.01 m\u00b2 Separacion (d)2.0 mm Material Dielectrico…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5824","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n<title>dielectricos_capacitores - 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\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n \r\n FLUXAR - Capacitancia Placas Paralelas<\/title>\r\n <link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Space+Grotesk:wght@400;500;700&family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;500&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\r\n <script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.tailwindcss.com\"><\/script>\r\n \r\n <script src=\"https:\/\/unpkg.com\/three@0.128.0\/build\/three.min.js\"><\/script>\r\n <script src=\"https:\/\/unpkg.com\/three@0.128.0\/examples\/js\/controls\/OrbitControls.js\"><\/script>\r\n\r\n <style>\r\n :root {\r\n --bg-primary: #05080f;\r\n --bg-panel: rgba(10, 14, 23, 0.92);\r\n --text-primary: #e8edf5;\r\n --text-secondary: #8b9cb8;\r\n --accent-positive: #ef4444;\r\n --accent-negative: #3b82f6;\r\n --accent-energy: #eab308;\r\n --accent-dielectric: #22c55e;\r\n --border-color: #2d3a4f;\r\n }\r\n \r\n * { margin: 0; padding: 0; box-sizing: border-box; }\r\n \r\n body {\r\n font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;\r\n background: var(--bg-primary);\r\n color: var(--text-primary);\r\n overflow: hidden;\r\n height: 100vh;\r\n width: 100vw;\r\n }\r\n\r\n #canvas-container {\r\n position: fixed;\r\n top: 0; left: 0;\r\n width: 100%; height: 100%;\r\n z-index: 1;\r\n background: radial-gradient(circle at 50% 50%, #111827 0%, #05080f 100%);\r\n }\r\n\r\n .panel {\r\n position: fixed;\r\n top: 20px;\r\n bottom: 20px;\r\n background: var(--bg-panel);\r\n backdrop-filter: blur(12px);\r\n border: 1px solid var(--border-color);\r\n border-radius: 16px;\r\n padding: 25px;\r\n z-index: 10;\r\n display: flex;\r\n flex-direction: column;\r\n gap: 15px;\r\n overflow-y: auto;\r\n width: 320px;\r\n transition: transform 0.3s ease;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .left-panel { left: 20px; }\r\n .right-panel { right: 20px; }\r\n\r\n h1 { font-size: 1.1rem; font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 5px; }\r\n .subtitle { font-size: 0.75rem; color: var(--text-secondary); opacity: 0.8; margin-bottom: 15px; }\r\n\r\n .section { margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 15px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.05); }\r\n .section:last-child { border-bottom: none; }\r\n .section-title { \r\n font-size: 0.65rem; \r\n color: var(--text-secondary); \r\n text-transform: uppercase; \r\n letter-spacing: 1.5px; \r\n margin-bottom: 12px; \r\n }\r\n\r\n .control-group { margin-bottom: 18px; }\r\n .control-label { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; font-size: 0.85rem; margin-bottom: 6px; }\r\n .value-display {\r\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\r\n color: var(--accent-energy);\r\n font-size: 0.8rem;\r\n background: rgba(234, 179, 8, 0.1);\r\n padding: 2px 6px;\r\n border-radius: 4px;\r\n }\r\n \r\n input[type=\"range\"] {\r\n width: 100%; height: 2px;\r\n background: #1a2332;\r\n border-radius: 1px;\r\n outline: none;\r\n -webkit-appearance: none;\r\n cursor: pointer;\r\n }\r\n input[type=\"range\"]::-webkit-slider-thumb {\r\n -webkit-appearance: none;\r\n width: 12px; height: 12px;\r\n background: var(--accent-energy);\r\n border-radius: 50%;\r\n border: 2px solid var(--bg-primary);\r\n box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(234, 179, 8, 0.5);\r\n }\r\n\r\n select {\r\n width: 100%;\r\n background: #1a2332;\r\n border: 1px solid var(--border-color);\r\n color: var(--accent-energy);\r\n padding: 8px;\r\n border-radius: 6px;\r\n font-family: inherit;\r\n font-weight: 600;\r\n cursor: pointer;\r\n }\r\n select:focus { outline: none; border-color: var(--accent-energy); }\r\n\r\n .toggle-row { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 0.85rem; }\r\n .switch {\r\n position: relative;\r\n width: 36px; height: 20px;\r\n background: #1a2332;\r\n border-radius: 10px;\r\n cursor: pointer;\r\n transition: background 0.3s;\r\n border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);\r\n }\r\n .switch.active { background: rgba(34, 197, 94, 0.3); border-color: var(--accent-dielectric); }\r\n .switch::after {\r\n content: '';\r\n position: absolute;\r\n top: 2px; left: 2px;\r\n width: 14px; height: 14px;\r\n background: #8b9cb8;\r\n border-radius: 50%;\r\n transition: all 0.3s;\r\n }\r\n .switch.active::after { transform: translateX(16px); background: var(--accent-dielectric); box-shadow: 0 0 8px var(--accent-dielectric); }\r\n\r\n .data-card {\r\n background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03);\r\n border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.05);\r\n border-radius: 8px;\r\n padding: 12px;\r\n margin-bottom: 10px;\r\n }\r\n .data-row { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; font-size: 0.8rem; margin-bottom: 6px; }\r\n .data-label { color: var(--text-secondary); }\r\n .data-value { font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; color: white; font-weight: 500; }\r\n .data-value.highlight { color: var(--accent-energy); }\r\n\r\n .equations {\r\n background: rgba(0,0,0,0.2);\r\n border-radius: 8px;\r\n padding: 12px;\r\n margin-top: 5px;\r\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\r\n font-size: 0.8rem;\r\n color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7);\r\n line-height: 1.6;\r\n }\r\n \r\n .legend {\r\n display: flex;\r\n flex-direction: column;\r\n gap: 6px;\r\n margin-top: 10px;\r\n font-size: 0.7rem;\r\n color: var(--text-secondary);\r\n }\r\n .legend-item { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; }\r\n .legend-color { width: 16px; height: 4px; border-radius: 2px; }\r\n\r\n @media (max-width: 1000px) {\r\n .panel { display: none; }\r\n .left-panel { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; max-height: 40vh; bottom: 0; top: auto; border-radius: 16px 16px 0 0; }\r\n }\r\n \r\n .logo-box {\r\n position: fixed;\r\n bottom: 20px;\r\n right: 20px;\r\n display: flex;\r\n align-items: center;\r\n gap: 10px;\r\n background: rgba(22, 27, 34, 0.9);\r\n padding: 10px 14px;\r\n border-radius: 8px;\r\n border: 1px solid var(--border-color);\r\n z-index: 100;\r\n }\r\n .logo-img { width: 100px; }\r\n .logo-text { font-size: 0.7rem; line-height: 1.3; color: var(--text-muted); }\r\n .logo-text b { display: block; color: var(--text-main); font-weight: 600; }\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n <\/style>\r\n<\/head>\r\n<body>\r\n\r\n <div id=\"canvas-container\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"panel left-panel\">\r\n <div>\r\n <h><strong>Capacitor de Placas Paralelas<\/strong><\/h>\r\n <div class=\"subtitle\">Simulacion Fisica Interactiva<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"section\">\r\n <div class=\"section-title\">Parametros Fisicos<\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"control-group\">\r\n <div class=\"control-label\"><span>Voltaje (V)<\/span><span class=\"value-display\" id=\"valV\">100 V<\/span><\/div>\r\n <input type=\"range\" id=\"sldV\" min=\"0\" max=\"500\" value=\"100\">\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"control-group\">\r\n <div class=\"control-label\"><span>Area (A)<\/span><span class=\"value-display\" id=\"valA\">0.01 m\u00b2<\/span><\/div>\r\n <input type=\"range\" id=\"sldA\" min=\"0.001\" max=\"0.02\" value=\"0.01\" step=\"0.001\">\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"control-group\">\r\n <div class=\"control-label\"><span>Separacion (d)<\/span><span class=\"value-display\" id=\"valD\">2.0 mm<\/span><\/div>\r\n <input type=\"range\" id=\"sldD\" min=\"0.5\" max=\"10\" value=\"2\" step=\"0.1\">\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section\">\r\n <div class=\"section-title\">Material Dielectrico<\/div>\r\n <select id=\"materialSelect\">\r\n <option value=\"1\">Vacio (\u03b5r = 1.0)<\/option>\r\n <option value=\"1.0006\">Aire (\u03b5r \u2248 1.0)<\/option>\r\n <option value=\"4.0\">Vidrio (\u03b5r \u2248 4.0)<\/option>\r\n <option value=\"2.1\">Teflon (\u03b5r \u2248 2.1)<\/option>\r\n <option value=\"80\">Agua (\u03b5r \u2248 80)<\/option>\r\n <\/select>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"toggle-row\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\r\n <span>Insertar Dielectrico<\/span>\r\n <div class=\"switch active\" id=\"tglDielectric\"><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"toggle-row\">\r\n <span>Ver Dipolos<\/span>\r\n <div class=\"switch active\" id=\"tglDipoles\"><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"toggle-row\">\r\n <span>Ver Vectores de Campo<\/span>\r\n <div class=\"switch active\" id=\"tglVectors\"><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"section\">\r\n <div class=\"section-title\">Leyendas de Campo<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"legend\">\r\n <div class=\"legend-item\"><div class=\"legend-color\" style=\"background:#ef4444\"><\/div>E0 (Vac\u00edo - Constante)<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"legend-item\"><div class=\"legend-color\" style=\"background:#00bcd4\"><\/div>Ei (Inducido - Opuesto)<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"legend-item\"><div class=\"legend-color\" style=\"background:#22c55e\"><\/div>E (Neto - Reducido)<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"panel right-panel\">\r\n <div class=\"section-title\">Resultados en Tiempo Real<\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"data-card\">\r\n <div class=\"data-row\"><span class=\"data-label\">Capacitancia (C)<\/span><span class=\"data-value highlight\" id=\"resC\">44.3 pF<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"data-row\"><span class=\"data-label\">Carga (Q)<\/span><span class=\"data-value\" id=\"resQ\">4.43 nC<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"data-row\"><span class=\"data-label\">Campo Electrico (E)<\/span><span class=\"data-value\" id=\"resE\">50.0 kV\/m<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"data-row\"><span class=\"data-label\">Energia (U)<\/span><span class=\"data-value\" id=\"resU\">0.22 \u03bcJ<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"section-title\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">Modelo Matematico<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"equations\">\r\n <div>C = \u03b5\u2080 \u03b5\u1d63 A \/ d<\/div>\r\n <div>Q = C \u00b7 V<\/div>\r\n <div>E = V \/ d<\/div>\r\n <div>U = \u00bd C V\u00b2<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n \r\n<div class=\"logo-box\">\r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/fisica2.fica.unsl.edu.ar\/index.php\/FISAR_SIM\/\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"FISAR_SIM_1\" alt=\"Logo\" class=\"logo-img\"><\/a>\r\n <div class=\"logo-text\"><b>FICA UNSL<\/b>Simulaciones Interactivas<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <script>\r\n \/\/ --- MOTOR 3D THREE.JS ---\r\n let scene, camera, renderer, controls;\r\n let capacitorGroup, plates = [], fieldLines = [], dipoles = [], chargeGroups = {pos: null, neg: null}, vectorGroup;\r\n \r\n \/\/ Estado\r\n const state = {\r\n V: 100,\r\n A: 0.01,\r\n d: 2.0,\r\n er: 1.0,\r\n material: \"Vacio\",\r\n showDielectric: true,\r\n showDipoles: true,\r\n showVectors: true\r\n };\r\n\r\n \/\/ Constantes F\u00edsicas\r\n const e0 = 8.854e-12;\r\n\r\n function init3D() {\r\n scene = new THREE.Scene();\r\n scene.background = new THREE.Color(0x05080f);\r\n \r\n camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(50, window.innerWidth \/ window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);\r\n camera.position.set(0, 5, 12); \r\n \r\n renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true });\r\n renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);\r\n renderer.setPixelRatio(window.devicePixelRatio);\r\n document.getElementById('canvas-container').appendChild(renderer.domElement);\r\n \r\n controls = new THREE.OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement);\r\n controls.enableDamping = true;\r\n \r\n scene.add(new THREE.AmbientLight(0xffffff, 0.8));\r\n const dirLight = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 0.5);\r\n dirLight.position.set(5, 10, 7);\r\n scene.add(dirLight);\r\n\r\n capacitorGroup = new THREE.Group();\r\n scene.add(capacitorGroup);\r\n \r\n vectorGroup = new THREE.Group();\r\n scene.add(vectorGroup);\r\n\r\n buildCapacitor();\r\n animate();\r\n }\r\n\r\n function clearGroup(group) {\r\n for (let i = group.children.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\r\n const obj = group.children[i];\r\n if(obj.geometry) obj.geometry.dispose();\r\n if(obj.material) {\r\n if(Array.isArray(obj.material)) obj.material.forEach(m => m.dispose());\r\n else obj.material.dispose();\r\n }\r\n group.remove(obj);\r\n }\r\n }\r\n\r\n function buildCapacitor() {\r\n clearGroup(capacitorGroup);\r\n plates = []; fieldLines = []; dipoles = []; \r\n chargeGroups.pos = null; chargeGroups.neg = null;\r\n\r\n const width = Math.sqrt(state.A) * 200; \r\n const height = Math.sqrt(state.A) * 200;\r\n const depth = 0.5;\r\n const separation = state.d * 10; \r\n\r\n const matPos = new THREE.MeshPhongMaterial({ color: 0xef4444, emissive: 0x330000, transparent: true, opacity: 0.9 });\r\n const matNeg = new THREE.MeshPhongMaterial({ color: 0x3b82f6, emissive: 0x000033, transparent: true, opacity: 0.9 });\r\n\r\n const geoPlate = new THREE.BoxGeometry(depth, height, width);\r\n \r\n const platePos = new THREE.Mesh(geoPlate, matPos);\r\n platePos.position.x = -separation \/ 2;\r\n capacitorGroup.add(platePos);\r\n plates.push(platePos);\r\n\r\n const plateNeg = new THREE.Mesh(geoPlate, matNeg);\r\n plateNeg.position.x = separation \/ 2;\r\n capacitorGroup.add(plateNeg);\r\n plates.push(plateNeg);\r\n\r\n createDynamicCharges(platePos, true, width, height);\r\n createDynamicCharges(plateNeg, false, width, height);\r\n\r\n if (state.showDielectric) {\r\n const dielectricGeo = new THREE.BoxGeometry(separation - 1, height * 0.9, width * 0.9);\r\n const dielectricMat = new THREE.MeshPhongMaterial({ \r\n color: 0x22c55e, transparent: true, opacity: 0.15, side: THREE.DoubleSide\r\n });\r\n const dielectricBlock = new THREE.Mesh(dielectricGeo, dielectricMat);\r\n capacitorGroup.add(dielectricBlock);\r\n\r\n if (state.showDipoles) addDipolesBox(separation, height, width);\r\n }\r\n\r\n addFieldLinesPlates(separation, width, height);\r\n \r\n updatePhysicsVisuals();\r\n }\r\n\r\n function createDynamicCharges(plate, isPositive, w, h) {\r\n const count = Math.floor((state.V \/ 500) * 40);\r\n if(count === 0) return;\r\n\r\n const group = new THREE.Group();\r\n \r\n const canvas = document.createElement('canvas');\r\n canvas.width = 64; canvas.height = 64;\r\n const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');\r\n ctx.fillStyle = \"white\";\r\n ctx.font = \"bold 50px Arial\";\r\n ctx.textAlign = \"center\";\r\n ctx.textBaseline = \"middle\";\r\n ctx.fillText(isPositive ? \"+\" : \"-\", 32, 32);\r\n const texture = new THREE.CanvasTexture(canvas);\r\n \r\n const sphereGeo = new THREE.SphereGeometry(0.2, 12, 12);\r\n const sphereMat = new THREE.MeshPhongMaterial({ \r\n color: isPositive ? 0xffdddd : 0xddddff, \r\n emissive: isPositive ? 0xff0000 : 0x0000ff, \r\n emissiveIntensity: 0.3 \r\n });\r\n const spriteMat = new THREE.SpriteMaterial({ map: texture, transparent: true, depthTest: false});\r\n\r\n for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {\r\n const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(sphereGeo, sphereMat);\r\n const sprite = new THREE.Sprite(spriteMat);\r\n sprite.scale.set(0.4, 0.4, 1);\r\n mesh.add(sprite);\r\n \r\n mesh.position.set(\r\n plate.position.x + (isPositive ? 0.3 : -0.3),\r\n (Math.random() - 0.5) * h * 0.85,\r\n (Math.random() - 0.5) * w * 0.85\r\n );\r\n group.add(mesh);\r\n }\r\n \r\n capacitorGroup.add(group);\r\n if(isPositive) chargeGroups.pos = group;\r\n else chargeGroups.neg = group;\r\n }\r\n\r\n function addFieldLinesPlates(sep, w, h) {\r\n const lineMat = new THREE.LineBasicMaterial({ color: 0xeab308, transparent: true, opacity: 0.3 });\r\n const rows = 5; const cols = 5;\r\n\r\n for (let i = 0; i < rows; i++) {\r\n for (let j = 0; j < cols; j++) {\r\n const y = (i - rows\/2 + 0.5) * (h\/rows);\r\n const z = (j - cols\/2 + 0.5) * (w\/cols);\r\n const points = [\r\n new THREE.Vector3(-sep\/2 + 0.6, y, z), \r\n new THREE.Vector3(sep\/2 - 0.6, y, z)\r\n ];\r\n const geo = new THREE.BufferGeometry().setFromPoints(points);\r\n const line = new THREE.Line(geo, lineMat);\r\n capacitorGroup.add(line);\r\n fieldLines.push(line);\r\n }\r\n }\r\n }\r\n \r\n function addDipolesBox(sep, h, w) {\r\n const count = 20;\r\n \r\n for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {\r\n const x = (Math.random() - 0.5) * (sep - 3);\r\n const y = (Math.random() - 0.5) * h * 0.7;\r\n const z = (Math.random() - 0.5) * w * 0.7;\r\n\r\n const dipole = new THREE.Group();\r\n dipole.position.set(x, y, z);\r\n \r\n dipole.userData.randomRot = new THREE.Euler(\r\n Math.random() * Math.PI,\r\n Math.random() * Math.PI,\r\n Math.random() * Math.PI\r\n );\r\n dipole.rotation.copy(dipole.userData.randomRot);\r\n\r\n const bodyGeo = new THREE.CylinderGeometry(0.05, 0.05, 0.8, 6);\r\n const bodyMat = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0xaaaaaa });\r\n const body = new THREE.Mesh(bodyGeo, bodyMat);\r\n body.rotation.x = Math.PI \/ 2; \r\n dipole.add(body);\r\n\r\n const poleGeo = new THREE.SphereGeometry(0.12, 8, 8);\r\n const matP = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0xef4444 });\r\n const poleP = new THREE.Mesh(poleGeo, matP);\r\n poleP.position.z = 0.45; \r\n dipole.add(poleP);\r\n\r\n const matN = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0x3b82f6 });\r\n const poleN = new THREE.Mesh(poleGeo, matN);\r\n poleN.position.z = -0.45; \r\n dipole.add(poleN);\r\n\r\n capacitorGroup.add(dipole);\r\n dipoles.push(dipole);\r\n }\r\n }\r\n\r\n function updatePhysicsVisuals() {\r\n let C, Q, U;\r\n const d_m = state.d \/ 1000.0; \r\n const A_m = state.A;\r\n \r\n \/\/ 1. C\u00e1lculo de Capacitancia y Energ\u00eda (afectados por er)\r\n C = (e0 * state.er * A_m) \/ d_m;\r\n Q = C * state.V;\r\n U = 0.5 * C * state.V * state.V;\r\n\r\n \/\/ 2. C\u00e1lculo de Campos El\u00e9ctricos\r\n \r\n \/\/ Campo en el Vac\u00edo (E0): Siempre V\/d, independiente del material\r\n \/\/ Este es el campo \"externo\" aplicado.\r\n const E0 = state.V \/ d_m; \r\n \r\n \/\/ Campo Neto (E): Es el campo resultante dentro del diel\u00e9ctrico.\r\n \/\/ Si hay diel\u00e9ctrico, se reduce: E = E0 \/ er\r\n \/\/ Si no hay, es igual a E0.\r\n let E;\r\n if (state.showDielectric) {\r\n E = E0 \/ state.er;\r\n } else {\r\n E = E0;\r\n }\r\n \r\n \/\/ Campo Inducido (Ei): Campo generado por la polarizaci\u00f3n.\r\n \/\/ Ei = E0 - E (Vectorialmente opuesto)\r\n \/\/ Magnitud: Ei = E0 - E = E0 * (1 - 1\/er)\r\n let Ei = 0;\r\n if (state.showDielectric) {\r\n Ei = E0 * (1 - 1\/state.er);\r\n }\r\n\r\n \/\/ UI Updates\r\n document.getElementById('resC').innerText = (C * 1e12).toFixed(2) + \" pF\";\r\n document.getElementById('resQ').innerText = (Q * 1e9).toFixed(2) + \" nC\";\r\n document.getElementById('resE').innerText = (E \/ 1000).toFixed(2) + \" kV\/m\";\r\n document.getElementById('resU').innerText = (U * 1e6).toFixed(2) + \" \u03bcJ\";\r\n\r\n const intensity = state.V \/ 500.0;\r\n \r\n if(chargeGroups.pos) chargeGroups.pos.visible = state.V > 0;\r\n if(chargeGroups.neg) chargeGroups.neg.visible = state.V > 0;\r\n \r\n fieldLines.forEach(l => { l.material.opacity = intensity * 0.5; });\r\n\r\n \/\/ Animaci\u00f3n Dipolos\r\n const targetQuat = new THREE.Quaternion();\r\n targetQuat.setFromUnitVectors(new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 1), new THREE.Vector3(1, 0, 0));\r\n \r\n dipoles.forEach(d => {\r\n const randomQuat = new THREE.Quaternion().setFromEuler(d.userData.randomRot);\r\n d.quaternion.slerpQuaternions(randomQuat, targetQuat, intensity);\r\n });\r\n\r\n \/\/ --- Vectores de Campo (Correcci\u00f3n L\u00f3gica) ---\r\n clearGroup(vectorGroup);\r\n \r\n if (state.showVectors && state.V > 0) {\r\n \r\n \/\/ Escala: 100 kV\/m = 1 unidad de largo\r\n const scaleFactor = 0.01 * 10; \r\n const direction = new THREE.Vector3(1, 0, 0); \/\/ +X\r\n \r\n \/\/ --- 1. Vector Rojo (E0 - Vac\u00edo) ---\r\n \/\/ Su longitud depende SOLO de V y d. No cambia con el material.\r\n const len0 = (E0 \/ 1000) * scaleFactor;\r\n const vPos0 = new THREE.Vector3(0, 3, 0);\r\n const vE0 = new THREE.ArrowHelper(direction, vPos0, len0, 0xef4444, len0 * 0.2, len0 * 0.1);\r\n vectorGroup.add(vE0);\r\n \r\n \/\/ --- Si hay Diel\u00e9ctrico ---\r\n if (state.showDielectric) {\r\n \r\n \/\/ --- 2. Vector Celeste (Ei - Inducido) ---\r\n \/\/ Longitud proporcional a Ei. Sentido opuesto (-X).\r\n const lenI = (Ei \/ 1000) * scaleFactor;\r\n \r\n if(lenI > 0.05) {\r\n const vPosI = new THREE.Vector3(0, 2.5, 0);\r\n \/\/ Direcci\u00f3n negativa\r\n const vEi = new THREE.ArrowHelper(direction.clone().negate(), vPosI, lenI, 0x00bcd4, lenI * 0.2, lenI * 0.1);\r\n vectorGroup.add(vEi);\r\n }\r\n \r\n \/\/ --- 3. Vector Verde (E - Neto) ---\r\n \/\/ Longitud proporcional a E. Debe ser MENOR que E0.\r\n const lenNet = (E \/ 1000) * scaleFactor;\r\n const vPosNet = new THREE.Vector3(0, 2.0, 0);\r\n const vE = new THREE.ArrowHelper(direction, vPosNet, lenNet, 0x22c55e, lenNet * 0.2, lenNet * 0.1);\r\n vectorGroup.add(vE);\r\n }\r\n }\r\n }\r\n\r\n function animate() {\r\n requestAnimationFrame(animate);\r\n controls.update();\r\n renderer.render(scene, camera);\r\n }\r\n\r\n function setupEvents() {\r\n const bindSlider = (id, key, displayId, suffix, factor = 1) => {\r\n const el = document.getElementById(id);\r\n el.oninput = function() {\r\n state[key] = parseFloat(this.value) * factor;\r\n document.getElementById(displayId).innerText = this.value + \" \" + suffix;\r\n buildCapacitor();\r\n }\r\n };\r\n\r\n bindSlider('sldV', 'V', 'valV', 'V');\r\n bindSlider('sldA', 'A', 'valA', ' m\u00b2');\r\n bindSlider('sldD', 'd', 'valD', ' mm');\r\n\r\n document.getElementById('materialSelect').onchange = function() {\r\n state.er = parseFloat(this.value);\r\n state.material = this.options[this.selectedIndex].text;\r\n buildCapacitor();\r\n }\r\n\r\n document.getElementById('tglDielectric').onclick = function() {\r\n this.classList.toggle('active');\r\n state.showDielectric = this.classList.contains('active');\r\n buildCapacitor();\r\n }\r\n \r\n document.getElementById('tglDipoles').onclick = function() {\r\n this.classList.toggle('active');\r\n state.showDipoles = this.classList.contains('active');\r\n buildCapacitor();\r\n }\r\n \r\n document.getElementById('tglVectors').onclick = function() {\r\n this.classList.toggle('active');\r\n state.showVectors = this.classList.contains('active');\r\n updatePhysicsVisuals();\r\n }\r\n }\r\n\r\n window.addEventListener('resize', () => {\r\n camera.aspect = window.innerWidth \/ window.innerHeight;\r\n camera.updateProjectionMatrix();\r\n renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);\r\n });\r\n\r\n init3D();\r\n setupEvents();\r\n\r\n <\/script>\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n <style>\r\n .btn-guia {\r\n position: fixed;\r\n bottom: 24px;\r\n left: 24px;\r\n z-index: 999;\r\n background: #3fb950;\r\n color: #0d1117;\r\n font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;\r\n font-size: 0.82rem;\r\n font-weight: 700;\r\n letter-spacing: 1px;\r\n text-transform: uppercase;\r\n padding: 10px 18px;\r\n border-radius: 8px;\r\n border: none;\r\n cursor: pointer;\r\n box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(63,185,80,0.35);\r\n transition: transform 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s;\r\n display: flex;\r\n align-items: center;\r\n gap: 8px;\r\n }\r\n .btn-guia:hover {\r\n transform: translateY(-2px);\r\n box-shadow: 0 6px 24px rgba(63,185,80,0.5);\r\n }\r\n .btn-guia svg { width: 15px; height: 15px; flex-shrink: 0; }\r\n .guia-panel {\r\n position: fixed;\r\n bottom: 72px;\r\n left: 24px;\r\n width: 400px;\r\n max-height: 70vh;\r\n z-index: 1000;\r\n background: #ffffff;\r\n border: 1px solid #d0d7de;\r\n border-radius: 12px;\r\n box-shadow: 0 16px 48px rgba(0,0,0,0.4);\r\n display: none;\r\n flex-direction: column;\r\n overflow: hidden;\r\n font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;\r\n }\r\n .guia-panel.visible { display: flex; }\r\n .guia-header {\r\n display: flex;\r\n justify-content: space-between;\r\n align-items: center;\r\n padding: 12px 16px;\r\n border-bottom: 1px solid #d0d7de;\r\n flex-shrink: 0;\r\n background: #f6f8fa;\r\n }\r\n .guia-header-title {\r\n display: flex;\r\n align-items: center;\r\n gap: 8px;\r\n font-size: 0.85rem;\r\n font-weight: 700;\r\n color: #1f2328;\r\n }\r\n .guia-header-title svg { width: 15px; height: 15px; color: #3fb950; }\r\n .guia-close {\r\n background: none;\r\n border: none;\r\n color: #636c76;\r\n font-size: 1rem;\r\n cursor: pointer;\r\n padding: 2px 7px;\r\n border-radius: 4px;\r\n transition: color 0.2s, background 0.2s;\r\n line-height: 1;\r\n }\r\n .guia-close:hover { color: #1f2328; background: rgba(0,0,0,0.06); }\r\n .guia-body {\r\n overflow-y: auto;\r\n padding: 18px 18px 20px;\r\n color: #1f2328;\r\n font-size: 0.83rem;\r\n line-height: 1.65;\r\n background: #ffffff;\r\n }\r\n .guia-body::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 5px; }\r\n .guia-body::-webkit-scrollbar-track { background: transparent; }\r\n .guia-body::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: #d0d7de; border-radius: 3px; }\r\n .guia-section-title {\r\n font-size: 1rem;\r\n font-weight: 700;\r\n color: #1f2328;\r\n margin: 0 0 12px 0;\r\n padding-bottom: 8px;\r\n border-bottom: 1px solid #d0d7de;\r\n }\r\n .guia-block { margin-bottom: 14px; }\r\n .guia-label {\r\n font-size: 0.72rem;\r\n text-transform: uppercase;\r\n letter-spacing: 1px;\r\n color: #636c76;\r\n margin-bottom: 4px;\r\n }\r\n .guia-text { color: #1f2328; }\r\n .guia-formula {\r\n background: #f6f8fa;\r\n border: 1px solid #d0d7de;\r\n border-radius: 6px;\r\n padding: 10px 14px;\r\n text-align: center;\r\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\r\n font-size: 0.88rem;\r\n color: #0550ae;\r\n margin: 10px 0;\r\n }\r\n .guia-steps { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; counter-reset: steps; }\r\n .guia-steps li {\r\n counter-increment: steps;\r\n display: flex;\r\n gap: 10px;\r\n margin-bottom: 8px;\r\n align-items: flex-start;\r\n color: #1f2328;\r\n }\r\n .guia-steps li::before {\r\n content: counter(steps);\r\n background: #dafbe1;\r\n color: #1a7f37;\r\n font-size: 0.72rem;\r\n font-weight: 700;\r\n width: 20px;\r\n height: 20px;\r\n border-radius: 50%;\r\n display: flex;\r\n align-items: center;\r\n justify-content: center;\r\n flex-shrink: 0;\r\n margin-top: 1px;\r\n border: 1px solid #1a7f37;\r\n }\r\n .guia-result {\r\n background: #dafbe1;\r\n border-left: 3px solid #1a7f37;\r\n border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0;\r\n padding: 10px 14px;\r\n color: #1f2328;\r\n font-size: 0.82rem;\r\n margin-top: 10px;\r\n }\r\n .guia-params {\r\n background: #f6f8fa;\r\n border: 1px solid #d0d7de;\r\n border-radius: 6px;\r\n padding: 10px 14px;\r\n font-size: 0.8rem;\r\n color: #1f2328;\r\n }\r\n .guia-params span { color: #0550ae; font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; }\r\n .var { font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; }\r\n .var.pos { color: #cf222e; }\r\n .var.neg { color: #0550ae; }\r\n .var.neu { color: #7d4e00; }\r\n .var.ok { color: #1a7f37; }\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"guia-panel\" id=\"guiaPanel\">\r\n <div class=\"guia-header\">\r\n <div class=\"guia-header-title\">\r\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M2 3h6a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v14a3 3 0 0 0-3-3H2z\"\/><path d=\"M22 3h-6a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v14a3 3 0 0 1 3-3h7z\"\/><\/svg>\r\n Gu\u00eda de uso\r\n <\/div>\r\n <button class=\"guia-close\" onclick=\"toggleGuia()\">\u2715<\/button>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"guia-body\">\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.6; color: #333;\">\r\n<h3 style=\"color: #0056b3;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000080;\">Diel\u00e9ctricos en Capacitor<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000080;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #ff0000;\"> <\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>Objetivo:<\/strong> Analizar el efecto de la polarizaci\u00f3n de los materiales aislantes (diel\u00e9ctricos) en la capacidad de almacenamiento de un condensador y en la intensidad del campo el\u00e9ctrico resultante.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>Descripci\u00f3n breve:<\/strong> Simulaci\u00f3n interactiva que permite introducir diferentes bloques de materiales entre las placas de un capacitor. Visualiza c\u00f3mo las mol\u00e9culas del diel\u00e9ctrico se orientan generando un campo inducido que se opone al campo externo, reduciendo la diferencia de potencial y aumentando la capacitancia seg\u00fan el factor \\(\\kappa\\):<\/span>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\\( C = \\kappa \\cdot C_0 \\quad \\text{y} \\quad \\mathbf{E} = \\frac{\\mathbf{E}_0}{\\kappa} \\)<\/span><\/div>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>C\u00f3mo usar (pasos):<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<ul style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Cargar el capacitor conect\u00e1ndolo a una bater\u00eda de voltaje \\(V\\).<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Seleccionar un material diel\u00e9ctrico (vidrio, tefl\u00f3n, papel o personalizado) con una constante \\(\\kappa\\) espec\u00edfica.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Deslizar el bloque diel\u00e9ctrico hacia el interior del espacio entre las placas y observar el cambio en los medidores de capacitancia y carga.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Activar la vista de \"Cargas Relativas\" para observar c\u00f3mo aparecen cargas ligadas en las superficies del diel\u00e9ctrico debido a la polarizaci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Comparar los resultados cuando el capacitor est\u00e1 conectado a la bater\u00eda (voltaje constante) frente a cuando est\u00e1 desconectado (carga constante).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>Par\u00e1metros ajustables:<\/strong> Voltaje de la fuente, constante diel\u00e9ctrica (\\(\\kappa\\)), posici\u00f3n del diel\u00e9ctrico (parcial o totalmente insertado) y visualizaci\u00f3n de vectores de campo el\u00e9ctrico total e inducido.<\/span>\r\n<p style=\"background-color: #f8f9fa; padding: 15px; border-left: 5px solid #0056b3;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>Resultados esperados \/ observaciones:<\/strong> La introducci\u00f3n del diel\u00e9ctrico siempre aumenta la capacitancia. Si el capacitor est\u00e1 aislado, el voltaje disminuye; si permanece conectado, la carga almacenada aumenta. Se verifica visualmente que el material diel\u00e9ctrico reduce el campo el\u00e9ctrico neto en su interior.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<button class=\"btn-guia\" onclick=\"toggleGuia()\">\r\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M2 3h6a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v14a3 3 0 0 0-3-3H2z\"\/><path d=\"M22 3h-6a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v14a3 3 0 0 1 3-3h7z\"\/><\/svg>\r\n Gu\u00eda de uso\r\n<\/button>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n function toggleGuia() {\r\n document.getElementById('guiaPanel').classList.toggle('visible');\r\n }\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n<\/body>\r\n<\/html>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>FLUXAR – Capacitancia Placas Paralelas Capacitor de Placas Paralelas Simulacion Fisica Interactiva Parametros Fisicos Voltaje (V)100 V Area (A)0.01 m\u00b2 Separacion (d)2.0 mm Material Dielectrico…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5824","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n<title>dielectricos_capacitores - 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